Research On The Risk Fore-warning Of China's High-speed Railway Export Based On Patent Analysis

The worldwide high-speed rail is under the third construction wave. After the high-speed rail “go out” strategy in 2009, Chinese government is pushing “One Belt One Road” development strategy, whose primary work is to increase investment on infrastructure construction and rail transit, which can provide more business opportunities across borders in the field of high-speed rail. As we all know, patents are the most important technical reserve in high-speed rail exportation. But the rights of patents are questioned by Japan and Occident, which highlights the hidden danger of patents in the process of technology import. In addition, the exportation of Chinese high-speed railway will break the current pattern of international high-speed railway market, which will result in the suppress from foreign competitor through early patent layout. In a word, there are many problems of patents in high-speed rail exportation, which will evolve a high risk in high-speed rail exportationBased on above research background, readings of and research on relevant literature,the paper finds the disadvantages and deficiency in distinguishing the patent risks and researching on early warning in the field of Chinese industry export. The paper starts with the risk identification in industry export, then it defines the patent risk through summarizing the former research. The writer traces the original source of patent risks, and then classifies different types of patent risks. After that, based on the fundamentals of patent early warning, an analysis frame about early warning of patent risk in industry export is built, which help to complete the theoretical analysis of the paper. Beyond that,the paper draws patent map of management, technology and rights, puts particular emphasis on the development trend of domestic patent technology, the distribution and protective efficacy of the patent ownership, the domestic and overseas gap of patent technology competition, R&D and patent qualities through variables of patent application date, legal status, types of patents, nationality, IPC classification, patentees,times cited, etc.We can find that the system of domestic high-speed train technology is still in growth stage with the wide but low density R&D scape, decentralized patent rights and lack of overseas patent application through the search, statistics and analysis with patentdatabase such as soopat and Innography. In the end, the paper gives some suggestions on the development of high-speed train: to improve the ability of R&D in the whole industry,to improve the ability of core technology, to implement patent strategy in domestic and foreign and to promote main bogy of innovation efficient transformation and optimizationChinese high-speed railway industry has similarities with other important industry,such as semiconductor and 3D printing, with the significant characters of intensive industrial technology, complicated technical system and long industry chain. It would have some referential value to exclude and control potential risks in other important industry exportation with the research on the early warning analysis on patent risks and providing general frame of early warning analysis.