American Urban Amenity Assessment And Their Impact On The Talent Attraction

With the coming of knowledge economy era,talents are increasingly becoming the scarce resource every country struggling for.Talent aggregation is also the key to city development,and the research on urban amenity provide a new perspective for the improvement of urban capability of attracting and retaining talents.The theory of urban amenity,which was proposed after the western developed country entering the post-industrial period,is a people-oriented concept of urban development.The core of amenity theory is attracting talents and promoting urban development by creating a favorable environment for talents.As the earliest country in studying urban amenity,America has combined the theory with the practice of urban regeneration and achieved significant progress.Investigating the spatial pattern of urban amenity and its impact on talent flow in the United States has reference significance to improving urban attraction for talents and city transformation in China.Based on the research progress from home and abroad on urban amenity,this paper defines the concept of urban amenity and the relationship between amenity and talent flow.Then combing with the characteristics of study subjects,selecting key elements which attracting talents,this paper establishes the urban amenity evaluation index system from three aspects of natural environment,artificial facilities and social atmosphere.Finally,an empirical analysis of 50 most populous cities of America is carried out to investigating the spatial-temporal pattern of urban amenity and its impact on talent attraction in the United States,and based on the results.The main conclusions of this research are as follows:firstly,the natural environment presents a good developing tendency,and the West Coast cities is more superior than other cities.The artificial environment presents downtrend basically,and the spatial layout of cities with high-quality public services and recreation facilities is more uniform.The social atmosphere environment level consistently keeps in the high level and shows the trend to increase,and its spatial differentiation is not obvious.Secondly,the intergrated urban amenity consistently in the higher level,and cities in the highest level are mainly located the west coast and northeast in America.However,the spatial differentiation is shrinking with time.Thirdly,there is a significant positive correlation between urban amenity and talent attraction,and the attraction rises as urban amenity level improves.Comparing with the natural environment,talents are more attracted to the cities with high-rated artificial facilities and social atmosphere.But the positive correlation between natural environment and tant attraction is gradually obvious.Finally,the factor of urban inclusion,educational attainment of residents,safety and public service has an obvious promoting effect on talent attraction,but the cultural and leisure facilities,climate has less influence on talent attraction.This paper consists of five parts.Chapter one is about the research background and significance,content and framework,methods and uniqueness.Chapter two defines the concept of urban amenity and talent attraction,sort out relevant theory,research literature and the existing evaluation index system,propose the perspective of this paper.Chapter three,establish the urban amenity evaluation index system of this paper from three aspects of natural environment,artificial facilities and social atmosphere,and conduct the empirical research on the spatial pattern of urban amenity of 50 most populous cities in the United States in 2005,2010 and 2015.Chapter four analyze urban amenity's impact on talent attraction by using the rank correlation analysis and factor analysis,identify the key influencing factor on talent attraction,and discuss its mechanism.The final chapter summarizes main conclusions and presents policy suggestions,as well as further thinking of the research.