| Technology-intensive industry provides advancing labor means and various new materials for national economy sectors,reflecting national level of science and technology development.The manufacturing industry can be divided into high-tech industry,medium and high-tech industry,low-tech industry,medium and low-tech industry according to technology intensive degree.The development of high-tech industry,medium and high-tech industry have become the key factor for a country to occupy the leading position in the global economic competition.Chinese high-tech industry,medium and high-tech industry have achieved development rapidly,becoming Chinese strategic pillar industry.At present,the industrial export scale,the competition strength,the capacityof technology innovation have also improved greatly.However,what is noteworthy is that,there is a significant difference in the technology-intensive internal industries from the perspective of trade competitiveness.Some high-tech industrial trade competitiveness is strong,while some medium and high-tech industrial trade competitiveness is weak.Furthermore,the technology innovation capability has become core competitive advantage for technology-intensive industry.Schmpeter pointed out that technology innovation patterns can be divided into product innovation and process innovation.Damanpour and Aravind(2006)proposed which innovation pattern should be chosen depending on organizational and environmental factors.In addition to,inter-industry difference should be taken into account.From the perspective of technology supply,inter-industry difference often means the difference of technology source,the difference of inter-industry R&D characteristics.Based on the theory,this thesis extends the difference to types and structures of R&D participants,puting up with the concept of R&D participants tendency(that is cooperative R&D tendency,personal R&D tendency,university R&D tendency,Chinese R&D tendency),to reflect the difference of inter-industry R&D characteristics.Then,this thesis tries to explain significant differences about innovation performance and international competitiveness of Chinese technology-I ntensive industry from the angle of inter-industry difference.The statistical data is obtained from Derwent database.Firstly,cooperative R&D tendency,personal R&D tendency,university R&D tendency,Chinese R&D tendency data are collected to show the relationship of R&D participants' tendency and inter-industry difference in R&D characteristics.The products which have high cooperative R&D tendency are mainly concentrated on pharmaceutical and chemical,electronic equipment industry,furthermore,chemical products are more than other categories.The products which have high personal R&D tendency are mainly concentrated on equipment,instrument,pharmaceutical industries,in addition to,equipment products are more than other categories.The products which have high university R&D tendency are mainly concentrated on chemical,pharmaceutical products and some instrument and electronic communication equipment industries.The products which have high Chinese R&D tendency cover a wide range of industries in electrical,electronic,chemical,pharmaceutical,equipment.What's more,electrical machinery,electronics and communications products are predominant.Based on the analysis of Chinese high-tech industry and medium-high-tech industry,the thesis takes industry international competitiveness as alternative variable of R&D performance and takes the four R&D participants' tendency as explanatory variables,then constructing Eviews econometric model.Firstly,we can find the higher university R&D tendency can be,the stronger competitiveness of Chinese technology-intensive manufacturing industry can be,the better R&D performance can be.University R&D representing the demand for basic R&D and the higher university R&D tendency is more dependent on the basic R&D.The industries which emerged lately have a less gap between China and foreign.Cumulative technology gap between China and foreign is not obvious.So chinese industry maintains a strong competitiveness in the process of competing with other countries.Secondly,the higher cooperative R&D tendency can be,the weaker competitiveness of Chinese technology-intensive manufacturing industry can be,the worse the R&D performance can be.The cooperative R&D tendency is a symbol of complexity of technology and diversity of knowledge.The higher cooperative R&D tendency which needs a higher degree of cooperation means higher complexity of technology.Chinese cooperation mechanism of technology innovation is not perfect and there are many weaknesses.Such as:the asymmetry of cooperation information,the inconsistency of R&D goals,the distribution of benefits,communication and encouragement problems.Chinese industry competitiveness which depends on the high cooperative R&D tendency is weaker than other countries.Thirldly,the higher personal R&D tendency can be,the weaker competitiveness of Chinese technology-intensive manufacturing industry can be,the worse R&D performance can be.Personal R&D tendency represents the degree of personal R&D.Personal R&D demands low capital and infrastructure requirements.In terms of two patterns of technology innovation,product innovation requires less capital and equipment than process innovation.In the process of product innovation,the inheritance is stronger.Innovation degree of family enterprises in Japan,America and other countries is obviously stronger than that in China.In addition to,there is still a big gap on personal R&D between China and foreign.The competitiveness of China industry is at a disadvantage.Forthly,we can find that the higher Chinese R&D tendency can be.the stronger competitiveness of Chinese technology-intensive manufacturing industry can be,the better R&D performance can be.The tendency of Chinese R&D reflects the degree of Chinese R&D activity.On the one hand,Chinese are good at some areas,they take advantage of their knowledge and cognition to achieve R&D.On the other hand,they spread R&D knowledge to other Chinese.Thus,Chinese industry competitiveness is also strong. |
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