The Research On Japan's Adjustment To The Heavy Chemical Industrial Structure In 1970s

The industrial structure is closely related to the economic development.To some extent,the process of a country's economic development can be regarded as the adjustment process of the domestic industry structure.At present,China has entered the late stage of industrialization,and the economic development has changed to medium and high-speed growth from high-speed.In the background of “New Normal”,China is facing a complicated and arduous task,that is,both to steady growth and adjust the structure.From the view of international experience,many countries were in the trouble and even into a crisis in this period,while Japan showed a scene of steady growth through the timely adjustment of industrial structure.Comparing the problems faced by China at this stage and the situation faced by Japan in the 1970 s,we can find that there are many similarities between them.Therefore,the study on Japan's adjustment to the heavy chemical industrial structure in the 1970 s can provide some reference and guidance for China's current economic transformation.Based on the study of the concept of industrial structure and the adjustment theory,this article firstly explores the background and reasons of the adjustment of Japan's heavy chemical industrial structure in the 1970 s,and secondly points out the direction and the main policy measures of this structure adjustment,and thirdly reviews the achievement and problems.The result shows that,in the international background of the appreciation of the yen,the twice oil crisis and the increasing economic friction,Japan's industrial structure adjustment in the 1970 s is to solve the contradictions between the heavy chemical industrial structure and energy structure,the coordinated development of environment,national demand,the momentum transfer of economic growth.The direction is from the capital intensive industries which are characterized by “heavy,thick,long,large” to the knowledge and technology intensive industries which are characterized y “light,thin,short,small”.In order to promote this adjustment,the Japanese government and the enterprise take some measures such as establishing reasonable industrial policy,promoting technological innovation,business reduction,formulating the energy conservation measures and the development of new energy measures,increasing foreign direct investment and so on.In total,on the one hand,this adjustment has obtained some significant results such as the increasingly advanced industrial structure,the steady growth of economy and the development of energy-saving economy,the rapid expansion of exports.But on the other hand,there are also some issues,that is,the domestic industrial structure “hollow” lead by the excessive outbound investment,the reduction of domestic investment and the lack of technological innovation,the excessive dependence of external demand.Through the above comprehensive analysis of the Japan's adjustment to the heavy chemical industrial structure,at the end of the paper,the author analyzes the necessity of Chinese industrial structure adjustment and transformation,and draws five enlightenments for China's current structure adjustment,that is,establish the scientific and reasonable industrial policy and provide legislative guarantee,mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises and play its important roles,strengthen the capability of technological innovation using the mode of “introduction,absorption and innovation”,promote the strategy of “establishing the country by environment ” by developing the energy-saving technology,consider both the integrity of the industrial system and the stability of employment in the process of adjustment.