Research On Institutional Innovation In Three Industrial Revolutions

Up to now,there have been three industrial revolutions in the world.This includes the British Industrial Revolution,the second industrial revolution led by the United States and Germany and the current industrial revolution centered on Intelligent manufacturing.The occurrence and development of each industrial revolution is closely related to the institutional innovation.Institutional innovation provides support for the smooth development of the industrial revolution.In the first industrial revolution,the movement of colonization collapsed feudal land ownership,liberation movement and enclosure movement promoted the formation of capitalist system,market economy and free trade system improved the market in England.During this period,steam power liberated manual labor providing the basis for capitalist production,' technological revolution promoted industrial system reform,the birth of modern factory promoted the reform of the factory system.Institutional innovation promoted the development of capitalism economy and free competition,promoted the effective protection of private property,the innovation of patent system and the formation of efficient market mechanism.However,after the industrial revolution,British institutional innovation stagnated.The innovation of the government oriented industrial policy had fallen,the laissez faire system of free trade had caused the outflow of capital,and the development of domestic property rights protection system had been hindered.The United States and Germany seized the opportunity through institutional innovation,payed attention to independent innovation in the theoretical level,fostered domestic industry through trade protection system,opened up foreign markets through foreign trade.The institutional innovation of the United States and Germany payed more attention to the creation of a stable domestic political environment,the reform of educational and scientific research institutions and the adjustment of macroeconomic regulation and free competition in order to achieve economic development.At present,intelligent manufacturing has become the core component of the third industrial revolution.In the industrial revolution,Information management system,Social division of labor and Modern enterprise management system are becoming innovative.They promote the continuous development of information technology.The rapid development of Industrial Internet,Intelligent production and Intelligent product is closely associated with Management system innovation,Production system innovation and Product innovation.With the trend of the industrial revolution in China,the construction of the basic network system provides the precondition for the institutional innovation of the intelligent manufacturing industry.China began to promote intelligent production and product innovation,forcing the innovation of production system and the innovation of transformation of technological product.China emphasizes on user experience so as to pave the way for innovative ideas.Intelligent manufacturing in China is still in the initial stage of development.According to the reality of the development and the future economic trend,the author puts forward some suggestions on the innovation of our country's intelligent manufacturing system.Intelligent manufacturing requires China to attach importance to independent innovation,building a system environment conducive to intelligent manufacturing.This requires the improvement of the quality and proportion of workers' mental work,to promote the intelligent manufacturing innovation system in line with the needs of the public interest,to establish the core position of workers in the process of intelligent manufacturing.Intelligent manufacturing requires continuous improvement of the market economy system in China and the leap development of intelligent manufacturing.This requires the reform of the administrative system,the construction of the performance evaluation mechanism with the guidance of intelligent manufacturing,promoting the reform.of property rights system.Intelligent manufacturing requires China to effectively promote the innovation of science and technology system,to achieve the core technology breakthroughs in intelligent manufacturing.It is necessary to build a multi-dimensional national innovation system,to pay attention to the protection of domestic intelligent manufacturing enterprise development,focusing on cooperation and exchanges with international advanced technology.