Research On Production Decision Of Supply Chain Enterprises With Carbon Constraints In RFID Environment

With the rapid development of modern industry and technology,the speed of grab and consumption of natural resources by human has been accelerated.Therefore,non-renewable resources reduce gradually.At the same time,a large amount of emissions of waste result in greenhouse effect,haze and other environmental problems,which threaten survival and progress of mankind.as Carbon dioxide(CO2)is the main body of greenhouse gases,its importance and urgency of emission reduction has become a global consensus and get a high degree of concern.With the concerted efforts of the international community,a series of legal binding carbon restricting measures have been given to mitigate ecological pressures.These measures include the formulation of a series of emission reduction regulations by relevant government departments,financial subsidies,encourage enterprises to voluntarily reduce emissions,emission reduction take force to decrease emissions,etc..For example,a series of government emission reduction policies have been spawned by the Kyoto,containing the Cap-and-Trade Mechanism(CTM).CTM has been widely concerned and used for its superior economic and social duality,which has a significant effect in reducing carbon emissions,and it has become a typical representation among various carbon constraints.As supply chain is an important form of joint of multiple carbon constrained objects,research on it for carbon emission can achieve more efficient and significant effect than a single enterprise.CTM will inevitably affect the production decision of supply chain enterprises.It is a key point of this paper that how CTM influences the production decision of supply chain enterprises.When transmitting products through the supply chain from the initial raw materials to the end of the consumer,through production,transportation,inventory,shelf sales and other working procedure.There are the phenomenon of product misplacement at the same time,and those products can't be sold normally in the sales period.Not only will it bring unnecessary losses to the supply chain,but also take up the right of carbon emissions of producers.Therefore,it is necessary to take measures to reduce or eliminate the problem of product misplacement.With the development of modern science and technology,the rise and widely application of RFID technology provide a powerful technical support for supply chain enterprises to reduce or eliminate the problem of product misplacement.However,the application of RFID technology will increase the operational cost and have an effect on the production decision of supply chain enterprises.That this paper discuss the influence of RFID technology on the production decision of supply chain enterprises and reveal the mechanism of RFID technology to cut carbon emissions in the supply chain is another important content.Therefore,in this paper,based on the literature review and analysis around the above problems,the author mainly from the following three aspects to study deeply.(1)The influences of CTM to the production decision of supply chain enterprises.Taking the structure of two echelon supply chain of a supplier and a manufacturer as the research object,this paper studies on the optimal production decision problems of the supply chain under CTM.In this situation,under the leadership of the supplier,Stackelberg game theory is used to get optimal production decisions for maximizing their own profit respectively while making the decentralized decision and centralized decision.By comparing non-carbon constraints and CTM,this paper proves that the CTM can reduce the carbon emission in a certain range.Finally,a numerical example is delivered to verify correctness of the conclusion.(2)The influences of RFID technology to the production decision of supply chain enterprises.Taking the dual-supply chain of single manufac-turer and single retailer as the research object,analyses the effects of product misplacement on the two sides' decisions of the supply chain.As for the four cases such as the two parties not investing,the retailer or the manufacturer investing alone and both of them joint-investing RFID technology,the effect of RFID technology on the investment return of dual-channel supply chain and the coordination of dual-supply chain under the last case are studied.Research shows that an increase of misplacing product rates of both sides will make the other's product sales increased and its individual product sales decreased.When the cost of a single RFID tag is.within a certain threshold,the retailer investing in RFID technology alone makes the manufacturer's profit increased,and the manufacturer investing in RFID technology alone makes the retailer's return decreased.As both sides of the supply chain in joint-investing RFID technology,the profits under the coordinative system are superior to those profits under any single investing condition.(3)The influences of CTM and RFID technology simultaneously to the production decision of supply chain enterprises.Taking the two echelon supply chain of single manufacturer and single retailer as the research object,which is restricted by CTM and existence the phenom-enon of product misplacement at the same time,to explore the influence of CTM and RFID technology on the production decision of the both sides of supply chain enterprises.The author makes a discussion on the optimal production decision-making of the two sides in the four cases,namely whether the manufacturers invest in low carbon technology and whether the retailers invest in the RFID technology respectively,and then the optimal production decisions are obtained.The following results are obtained after dissecting the analytic formula of the four cases:The phenomenon of product misplacement makes the profits of the manufacturer and the retailer lower,but to a certain extent,makes the manufacturer to increase the intensity of low carbon technology investment.When the unit carbon trading price is lower than a certain threshold,its growth can also increase the amount of carbon emission reduction.However,when the unit carbon trading price is higher than the threshold,the manufacturer will not carry out production activities,but sell all right of carbon emissions.Both the manufacturer invests in the low carbon technology and the retailer invests in the RFID technology can increase the profits of the two sides of the supply chain.