Multi-scale Research On Knowledge Spillover Effects Of Regional Innovation Networks In China

With the coming of knowledge economic era,knowledge has become the main source of regional competitive advantages by replacing the traditional production factors.The economic growth rate of knowledge and technological innovation are risingfrom 15%to 80%,however,China still exist many problems in innovation such as uneven distribution of resources,unclear division of labor,similar innovation system and vicious competition.In order to improve the level of regional innovation,we must pay attention to the knowledge spillover in the process of innovation.In view of this,the paper selects the biotechnology article written by Chinese scholars from 2000 to 2013 and their citing articles in web of science as the database and expands the research from the three aspects.First,it studies the different evolutions of topology and spatial structure in eastern,central and western areas in China at three spatial scales.Second,it studies the directional characteristics of knowledge spillover in the network.Third,it builds the knowledge spillover model by using knowledge production function in order to know how the network structural elements affect the level of knowledge spillover.The main conclusions are as follows:Firstly,the difference of knowledge stock in eastern,central and western regions is huge and the gap is expanding.The reason is that the east has a strong competitive edge due to its advantages of geography and history,but the mid and the west are relatively backward in the social environment,working condition and ideology.The gap in knowledge stock includes paper production and paper quality.In terms of paper production,not onlythe number of the east is 3.90 times the central and 8.6 times the west,but also the paper production of the east is always greater than the mid andthe west.Moreover,the eastern paper quality is always ahead.Secondly,the innovation networks differ on three levels during the process of knowledge spillover.At the international level,the network size and density of three regions have the same trend,but large differences in value.The main receivers are developed countries such as USA,Japan and Germany,and the USA has always been the biggest recipient.During the process,geographical proximity played a positive role.At the domestic level,the three network follows a power-law distribution,but their heterogeneities are different,the strongest in the eastern and the weakest in the central.The spillover in the eastern almost accounted for 70%.At the district level,the three network structure showed a dense development.After 2008,the number of nodes are close to saturation,but the lines are increasing.The core cities in the eastern are stable and the structure is mature,however in the central and western,the core cities change a lot and the network are unstable.Thirdly,the business has a low participation and poor motivation during the process.By observing the overflow type,we can find that most of the overflow happened between university and university,university and institute,institute andinstitute.Because the purpose of business is to make profits,it will remain cautious when the research has a big risk.Due to the "free rider" phenomenon,only some business actually was involved in knowledge spillover.Fourthly,different structural elements have different effects on the level of knowledge spillover.Network size and degree centrality take positive correlations to the level,and the effect of network density depends on the area.There is a negative correlation in the western due to the lack of information.