| Under the new normal for Chinese economy and the forced mechanism of resources and environment,traditionally,it does not work that economic growth model rely on resource consumption,therefore,the transformation and upgrading of economic development model is imperative.Economic transformation and upgrading depends on the transformation and upgrading of micro-enterprises,so the demand for transformation and upgrading of enterprises has become more realistic and urgent,especially the manufacturing enterprises in which energy consumption and cheap labor is the base of development.In the global division of labor,Chongqing's manufacturing not only relies on unique geographical advantages and dividend policies to have a place,but also make significant contributions towards promoting economic development and creating employment.However,with the increasingly stringent environmental policy and the gradual tightening of land resources,the comparative advantage of Chongqing's manufacturing is gradually disappearing,and the original meager profits gradually being devoured by the rising labor costs and raw material prices.In addition,there are many problems in Chongqing's manufacturing,such as low value-added products,low technology content of spare parts manufacturing,weak ability to innovate independently and so on.Based on this,to promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises is an important prerequisite for the sustained and healthy development of Chongqing's economy,and the research on the main factors influencing the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing is the key to realize the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing and improve the quality of manufacturing enterprises development.Based on the above background,this paper takes Chongqing manufacturing enterprises as the research object,and adopts the method of theoretical and empirical research to study the factors influencing the transformation and upgrading.(1)Clarified the concept of enterprise transformation,enterprise upgrading and enterprise transformation and upgrading,reviewed the literature on reasons,risks,pathways and measurement of the transformation and upgrading of enterprise,summarized the relevant theory of the transformation and upgrading of enterprise.(2)Based on the existing literature research,combined with the reality of Chongqing's manufacturing,established the scale of influencing factors of transformation and upgrading of Chongqing's manufacturing enterprises and the scale of evaluating the effect of transformation and upgrading of Chongqing's manufacturing enterprises.According to the existing research and theoretical basis,this paper puts forward the hypothesis(6 assumptions and 18 sub-assumptions),namely,business environment,government policy,innovation capability,entrepreneurship,enterprise human capital and enterprise capital accumulation have an impact on the enterprise transformation and upgrading.Based on the research hypothesis,this paper designs the theoretical model and the questionnaire of influencing factors of transformation and upgrading of Chongqing's manufacturing enterprises.(3)The descriptive analysis and exploratory factor analysis of the data collected from the questionnaire survey was given,and the structural equation model is used to analyze the influencing factors of the transformation and upgrading of Chongqing's manufacturing enterprises.Through empirical analysis,this paper draws conclusions as follows:(1)Innovation capability have the most significant influence on transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing,which is the most critical factor in the transformation and upgrading of enterprises..The enterprise with stronger innovation ability will tend to upgrade.(2)Entrepreneurship and enterprise human capital have the important influence on transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing,which is the key factor in the transformation and upgrading of enterprises.(3)Enterprise capital accumulation has no significant effect on corporate social results,but can affect the promotion of corporate core competence and dynamic competence,therefore,the enterprise capital accumulation has a part of influence on transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing.(4)Business environment has no effect on transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing.(5)Government policies has not significant effect on transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing,or even a negative effect.In order to achieve the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing,this paper puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions:(1)Chongqing's manufacturing enterprises should strengthen the innovation capability and shape the core competitiveness.They should grasp the current wave of a new round of technological revolution and the implementation of the “made in China 2025” opportunity,from the perspective of the global value chain,re-planning R & D,manufacturing,brand marketing and other sectors,reasonable recruitment of high-end technical personnel and R & D personnel,increase R & D investment and improvement on R & D capabilities.Meanwhile,they should grasp the opportunity to exchange and study with foreign and leading enterprises,explore the core technology of product production,and enhance the self-innovation capability.(2)They should enhance the human capital of enterprises and enrich the enterprise intellectual resources.In addition,they should design a reasonable mechanism of talent recruitment,introduction of high-tech personnel,retention talent with salary,benefits,corporate culture and other physical and emotional methods.They should focus on the development of their own R & D personnel and strengthen cooperation with universities,improving the ability and level of local R & D personnel.(3)They should cultivate entrepreneurship,leading the transformation and upgrading of enterprises.Chongqing's manufacturing entrepreneurs should actively participate in theoretical and practical training seminars to enhance the quality of individuals;at the same time entrepreneurs should also focus on their own sense of innovation and abandon the negative and complacent thoughts,improving the ability to identify the market and opportunities.According to the development of enterprises,they should also adjust their management mode of enterprises.(4)The government should adjust the policy in time to create a favorable policy environment.The government should formulate and promulgate a comprehensive intellectual property protection policy to crack down on the infringement of intellectual property rights in manufacturing enterprises and ensure that manufacturing enterprises realize the “knowledge premium”.The government should develop a reasonable industrial planning policy,for the input and output efficiency is low,serious environmental pollution manufacturing enterprises that should urge,guide and encourage its transformation and upgrading.The government should give a certain policy dividend for those enterprises that eliminate actively backward production facilities.At the same time,the government should create a policy environment conducive to enterprise innovation,through tax incentives and subsidies and other measures to encourage manufacturing enterprises to increase investment in innovation. |
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