Research On Pricing Strategy In Closed-loop Supply Chain Under Different Dominant Modes With Uncertain Demand

Closed-loop Supply Chain(CLSC)management has been adopted by an increasing number of companies because of setting up collection systems and remanufacturing process.Considering the uncertain demand of product and the channel dominant mode and members' fairness preference exert great influence on the performance of the CLSC,this dissertation aims to explore the optimal pricing,collection effort,sales effort decisions and the coordination of the CLSC with different dominant modes,and the optimal fairness concern in uncertain demand.The content of this dissertation are as follows.Firstly,the CLSC system was studied in different dominate modes including centralized,decentralized or Nash game by Stackelberg game theory.The result showed that the retailing pricing of new and remanufactured product is affected by its own demand uncertainly.And the total expected profits of the CLSC system led by the manufacturer is higher than that of the retailer,but lower than that of the centralized mode.And the low price promotion contract was proposed to coordinate the decentralized CLSC.Secondly,in the CLSC system the wholesale and retailing pricing decisions of products,the collection effort of manufacturer,the sales effort of retailer the expected profits of manufacturer,retailer and the whole system were studied in different dominate modes.The result shows that the demand expansion effectiveness of collection effort and the sales effort has positive effect on the expected profits of the CLSC.The equilibrium results are compared and the low price promotion contract is proposed to coordinate the decentralized CLSC.Finally,the pricing decisions model was constructed and solved in three situations where the manufacturer considered retailer's behavior of fairness concerns or not when manufacturer was leader and where retailer was leader.The results show that the behavior of fairness concerns of retailer has an effect to the pricing decisions of products as well as the expected profits of manufacturer,retailer and the total CLSC.Moreover,retailer's behavior of fairness concerns is an effective way to improve the expected profits of retailer in the CLSC.Results show that uncertain demand of products,effort level of the members and retailer's behavior of fairness concerns have great effect on the CLSC.Thus the members of the CLSC should strengthen cooperation to reduce risk and get win situstion.