| With the rapid development of economy,science and technology,energy resources are increasingly shortage,ecological and environmental problems are increasingly serious.Therefore,in this grim situation,this paper chooses the Silk Road Economic Belt in China as the research area,based on ecological footprint theory,using ecological footprint and ecological pressure index model to analyze the Natural Capital Supply and Demand Balance in the Silk Road Economic Belt in China.This paper detailedly analyzes the dynamic characteristics of per capita ecological footprint,per capita bio-capacity and per capita ecological deficit of the Silk Road Economic Belt in China from 1990 to 2015.It also analyzes the spatial variation of per capita ecological footprint,ecological carrying capacity and ecological deficit of 158 cities(states or regions or communities)of the Silk Road Economic Belt in China.At the same time,it makes a analysis of the dynamic characteristics of ecological pressure of the Silk Road Economic Belt in China from 1990 to 2015.The analysis mainly contains the dynamic changes of ecological stress index and pressure level,the spatial difference characteristics of eco-pressure index at the regional level of the study area.Hence,it draws the following conclusions:(1)The per capita of ecological footprint of the Silk Road Economic Belt in China has increased from 1.54 hm2 to 3.52 hm2,with the rate of 3.35%every year from 1990 to 2015,and it increased 1.28%.As for the type of structure,the per capita of ecological footprint of energy land and cultivated land occupied the largest proportion,followed by the per capita of ecological footprint of woodland and grassland,and the per capita of ecological footprint of construction sites and waters were smaller.The per capita of ecological footprint of energy land increased from 0.31 hm2 in 1990 to 1.59 hm2 in 2015,with an average annual growth rate of 6.78%.The per capita of ecological footprint of arable land increased from 0.56 hm2 to 1.09 hm2,with the growth rate of 2.68%from 1990 to 2015.Moreover,the per capita of ecological footprint of grassland and forest land remained stable.In addition,the ecological footprint of construction land increased from 0.02 hm2 to 0.06 hm2,with an average annual growth rate of 4.60%from 1990 to 2015.The per capita of ecological footprint of the water increased from 0.01 hm2 to 0.04 hm2,with the average annual growth rate of 4.99%from 1990 to 2015.Consequently,from the space,the per capita ecological footprint is lower than the average of Asia's(<1.80 hm2):there are 70 cities(states or regions or allies),such as Dingxi,Longnan and Qingyang cities,and so on;the average level of ecological footprint of is higher than Asian,but lower than China's per capita(1.80?2.10 hm2):there are 9 cities(states or regions),such as Fangchenggang,Jilin and Yanbian Prefecture,etc.The average level of ecological footprint is higher than that of China(2.10?2.60 hm2):there are 16 cities(states),such as Pingliang,Wuwei and Zhangye.The average level of per capita ecological footprint is above the world but below the average level of China's New Silk Road Economic Belt per capita ecological footprint(2.60?3.48 hm2):there are 16 cities(states or regions or unions),such as Jiuquan,Changchun and Liaoning,etc;the average level of per capita ecological footprint(>3.48 hm2)is higher than the Silk Road Economic Belt in China:there are 47 cities(states or regions or unions)such as Chongqing,Baiyin and Jiayuguan,etc.(2)The per capita bio-capacity of China's new Silk Road economic belt fluctuates between 1.03 hm2 and 1.36 hm2 with the small variation from 1990 to 2015.According to the constituent types of per capita bio-capacity,the maximum of per capita carrying capacity is the per capita bio-capacity of arable land and forest land,and the grassland followed by it;the smallest is the construction land and water,but both of which show a trend that average annual growth rate was 1.90%and 2.30%.From the space,the per capita biological carrying capacity is lower than the average of Asia(<0.72 hm):there are 58 cities(states),such as Chongqing,Baiyin and Lanzhou;the per capita biological carrying capacity is higher than Asia but below the per capita bio-capacity in China(0.72?0.87 hm2):there are 20 cities(states),such as Pingliang,Fangchenggang and Guilin;it is higher than China but lower than China's new Silk Road economic belt per capita bearing capacity(0.87?1.70 hm2),which is higher than the average economic load per capita(1.33?1.70 hm2)in the economic zone of the new Silk Road in China,such as:Dingxi,Jiayuguan,Jinchang(states or regions)and so on.There are 13 cities(states or regions),such as Jiuquan,Qiqihar and Suihua.There are 39 cities(states or regions)that are higher than the average level of the per capita biological carrying capacity(>1.70 hm)in the world,such as Wuwei,Zhangye and Gannan,etc.(3)The trend of per capita ecological deficit in China's new Silk Road economic belt from 1990 to 2015 increased from 0.51 hm2 in 1990 to 2.17 hm2 in 2015,with an average annual growth rate of 5.96%,China's new Silk Road the eco-sustainability of the economy is getting worse.In accordance with the spatial,there are 40 cities(states or regions or unions)that are in the ecological surplus(<0 hm2),such as Dingxi City,Longnan City and Gannan Prefecture.There are 42 cities(states or regions)that are lower than the world average per capita ecological deficit(0.00?0.90 hm2),such as Qingyang,Tianshui and Wuwei.There are 23 cities that are higher than the average per capita ecological deficit in China(1.23?2.15 hm2),such as Jiuquan,Pingliang and Laibin.There are 44 cities(states or regions)that are higher than the average level of per capita ecological deficit(>2.15 hm2)of China's new Silk Road economic zone,such as Chongqing,Baiyin and Jiayuguan.(4)The ecological pressure index(EPI)of China's new Silk Road Economic Zone from 1990 to 2015 increased from 0.40 in 1990 to 0.63 in 2015,with an average annual growth rate of 1.83%.The ecological pressure index will continue to increase year by year.(5)The ecological pressure level of China's new Silk Road economic zone from 1990 to 2015 is in the middle level,for example,the ecological pressure level belongs to ?a from 1990 to 1998,which is in the lower level;the ecological pressure level belongs to ?b from 1999 to 2015,which is in the upper level.(6)In terms of the space,there are 41 cities(states or regions or unions)whose ecological pressure level were very low(?a),such as Gannan,Harbin and Heihe;there are 44 cities(states)that are in the lower level(?b),such as Jiuquan,Longnan and Qingyang;there are 13 cities(states)that are in the next(?a),such as Dingxi,Jinchang and Pingliang;that are 12 cities(states)that are ?b,such as Tianshui,Linxia and Baise;there are nine cities that are in the higher level(?a),such as Jiayuguan,Guilin and Hezhou;there are 39 cities(states)that are very high(?b),such as Chongqing,Baiyin and Lanzhou. |
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