The Research On Chinese Gender Wage Gap Based On Nonparametric Decomposition Method

The gender wage gap is the issues concerned around the world,and it has a certain influence on the regional economy and society.The international labor organization has released the 2016/2017 Global Wage Report,which points out that income inequality is rising.The current global gender wage gap is about 20%.The higher wages,the greater the gender wage gap.The lower income group,the greater the proportion of women.In addition,the gender wage gap has different performance in different countries,with strong regionalism.On November 30,2016,the Population and Labor Green Paper:Chinese Population and Labor Problems Report was published in Beijing.The report pointed out that the gender pay gap is widening in our country.In recent years the rapid development of economy has greatly increased the people's living standard and wages in our country.However,the security system of Equal Gender Income imposed by the government in the era of planned economy has been gradually weaken and broken.There is the phenomenon that the same jobs with different pay in labor groups of men and women,and the gender wage gap is increasing gradually.Studying gender wage gap is helpful to make the entire society to face up to the female wage discrimination and improve the unfair treatment of women.In the short term,it helps to improve the allocation efficiency of female human resources.In the long term,it can increase the female human capital investment and make the national overall quality to improve,promoting social civilization progress.In addition,it can effectively promote the social justice,and thus reduce income inequality and social discrimination,maintaining social stability.It also can promote the healthy development of the economics and the social harmonious development.This paper includes reviews of main theories,introduction of methods,and empirical research.First of all,it reviewed the basic theory of the gender wage gap.To expound respectively from the human capital theory,theory of crowded,occupational segregation theory and discrimination theory,and the theory of compensation.The causes of the gender wage gap were summarized as two:one is caused by the differences of human capital,i.e.the individual characteristics of male and female differences will lead to wage difference;the other is caused by prejudice,such as personal bias and statistical discrimination.Secondly,it introduced the methods of decomposition about the gender wage gap.Respectively introducing Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition,Cotton decomposition,Neumark decomposition,and Brown decomposition simply,to detail the Nope's nonparametric decomposition method.In this section,we will systematically combine a variety of classic decomposition methods of the wage gap,not only for the defect and using range of all kinds of decomposition methods,can also show that the inheritance relationship between the various methods.It will focus on the traditional decomposition method and nonparametric decomposition method,elaborating the flaws of the traditional decomposition methods and highlighting the advantages of the nonparametric decomposition method.Finally,it made the empirical research on gender wage gap in our country.Process CHNS data used,and make descriptive statistical analysis on the average wages and gender wage differences,compare male and female wage distributions using the nuclear density,make comparison on the male and female mean of the variables.In addition,matching the different variables,make decomposition for China's gender wage gap through Nope's nonparametric decomposition method,and also study the gender wage gap of the different groups.In this paper,we got the following conclusion:Firstly,for men and women who have different characteristics,their wage levels and wage rates are distinct.In general,the higher level of education the higher level of wages,and the smaller firm size the greater gender wage gap.Different professions,company nature,economic region,work experience and so on all have different gender wage gap.Secondly,the interpretation of the gender pay gap are different with the different characteristics combinations.Including professions,firm size and economic region,these variables are better able to explain the gender wage gap.But company nature and work experience made the unexplained gender wage gap to increase.These characteristics variables caused the part of gender wage gap caused by the discrimination to increase.In this paper,Nope's nonparametric decomposition method was used for Chinese gender wage gap decomposition.This method will make up for the inadequacy and defects of traditional decomposition methods,so as to make a better explanation to the gender wage gap.There are lots of related researches about nonparametric decomposition method abroad,but there are few in domestic.This paper can make up for the regret.In addition,this paper is based on the double perspective of mean differences and distribution differences for Chinese gender wage gap.For mean differences,it made comparison of the average wage between men and women as well as the means of the variables used in the study.For distribution differences,it analyzed the relationships between occupation,level of education,urban and rural distribution,economic region distribution,and unexplained gender wage gap respectively.