| As a special regional type,the basin is a complex system with integrity and culture.The ecological elements in the basin are closely related,and the upstream and downstream areas are inseparable and interact with each other.The conflicts between upstream and downstream of the river basin and different departments are the difficulties in the management and protection of environment.The Taipu River,as a typical trans-administrative river in Taihu basin,flows through the Wujiang district of Jiangsu province,Jiashan county of Zhejiang province and Qingpu district of Shanghai,and is responsible for flood discharge,shipping and water supply.Since the opening of Jinze Reservoir at the end of 2016 supplying over 6.5 million people,there's a growing need in the supply function of the Taipu River and the conflict of the water environment protection between upstream and downstream is also growing.And the Water Function Regionalization of Taihu Basin(2010-2030)approved by the State Council,has positioned Taipu River as a Clean Water Corridor in Taihu Basin,and the river will mainly undertake the responsibility for basin flood control,drainage and water supply.However,the textile industry upstream has been well developed which brings risks to the water supply.In order to ensure the safety of the downstream water supply,the water environment protection of Taipu River is highly valued by all stakeholders.Therefore,in order to achieve the coordinated development of upstream and downstream and win-win cooperation,the in-depth research on cooperation and protection of the water environment in the Taipu River is urgently needed.This paper is supported by Project Research Work sponsored by Taihu Basin Authority of Ministry of Water Resources and various investigations were done with the help of the Taihu Basin Authority and the relevant administrative department.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The different functions of the Taipu River,the water quality change and the land utilization of riparian zone between upstream and downstream and river basin water environment risk event were discussed in this article based on the literature and field research.By analyzing the function of the Taipu River,it was found that the function position of the Taipu River is relatively different between upstream and downstream.The function of the upstream area is concentrated in flood control and shipping and the function of downstream area is concentrated in water supply.By analyzing the utilization of the riparian zone,it was found that the upstream shoreline is highly developed including industrial land,warehouse land and wharves while the downstream shoreline is mainly used for woodland.By analyzing water quality change of the main stream,it was found that the water quality got worsened obviously after the Pingwang Bridge Section and the Luxu Bridge Section in Wujiang District,measured as Class ?,while water from the Taipu Dam Section was Class ?.While the downstream is positioned as a reservoir,thus,the water quality of that section generally maintains in Class ?.By analyzing the water environment risk event,frequent antimony pollution events are closely related to the development of the textile industry in the basin,bringing great risk to the water environment of Taipu Basin,especially to the water supply security in the downstream area.Furthermore,the shipping industry is well developed in the Taipu River.There is the possibility of the sudden risk event of the random source,which will bring risk to the water supply downstream.In conclusion,there still exists a deep gap between the current situation and the requirement of a Clean Water Corridor of Taipu River.(2)In order to facilitate the formation of the cooperation between the upstream and downstream governments of the Taipu River,the conflicts of interests of water environment protection between upstream and downstream of the river basin should be coordinated.Game theory analysis of the upstream and downstream of the Taipu River was employed to separately discuss the possibility of the state of cooperation and stability conditions while two kinds of situations were post.By posing the different hypothetical scenarios,the result of the game in the upstream and downstream areas is cooperation.The ecological compensation standard of the Taipu River was estimated.The direct cost of protection of water environment comprehensive for the upstream area is 125 million yuan,the opportunity cost of protection is 1.74 billion yuan,the comprehensive protection cost is RMB 1.865 billion.Furthermore,the ecological compensation standards for the downstream areas,which are assessed according to the water quantity and water quality,are respectively 0.66 billion yuan and 354 million yuan,totaling 420 million yuan.(3)Based on the analysis of the conflict and the game theory analysis of the upstream and downstream of Taipu River basin,this paper proposes that collaboration of stakeholders should be involved when achieving the requirements of Clean Water Corridor and resolving basin conflicts,and cooperative solutions of water environment reservation should be made from different prospectives: 1)coordination among relevant stakeholders should be made through basin consultation mechanism,to achieve the balance of water resource utilization demands between upstream and downstream.2)ensure the utilization of water resource to meet the requirements of the Clean Water Corridor through implementing the water functional regionalization;3)make the most of the Taipu Dam to allocate water flow appropriately through joint water flow scheduling mechanisms,to cope with emergencies happening in the basin;4)coordinate the relationship between stakeholders through ecological compensation mechanisms,in order to balance the economic development demands between upstream and downstream areas;5)combine the above mentioned protective systems with engineering,technical and economic measures,to establish a water environment conservation mode for basin cooperation. |
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