Research On The Selection Of Policy Instruments For Smog And Haze Control In The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

With the accelerating process of human industrialization and urbanization,the world's environmental pollution situation is becoming increasingly severe.Human activities directly or indirectly change the composition of the global atmosphere and threaten its own survival and development.In terms of air pollution,the situation of China is also very worrying.Especially in recent years,the continuous hazy weather in the central and eastern parts of China has caused serious problems for people's lives.As China's “capital economic circle”,the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is the most serious air pollution area in China,and the smog and haze control has attracted wide range of attention in the community.In the process of smog and haze control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,although the increase of air mobility has an immediate effect on dispersing smog,it is obviously a temporary and accidental solution.In fact,in the context of global warming,combined with the adverse effects of topography and meteorology in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,pollutants are not easily diffused,increasing the incidence of smog and haze.Therefore,it is impossible to wait for the disappearance of environmental problems by relying only on the laws of nature,but to exert the subjective initiative of human beings and take the necessary means and measures on the basis of following the laws of nature.In this realistic context,environmental policy tools have attracted widespread attention and research in academia.The environmental policy tools are the means and measures taken by the government to address environmental issues and to achieve sustainable development of people and nature.These different types of policy instruments are different environmental policy instruments that together constitute the entire environmental policy system.The essence of environmental policy is to control people's behavior,and policy tools as a medium,which is the means and bridge to achieve environmental governance policy goals.Therefore,in essence,the environmental policy tool is the measure taken by the government to achieve the control of people's environmental impact,and this measure is achieved through effective policies.The selection of environmental policy tools is particularly important at this stage and for a long time in the future.This paper is based on the selection of environmental policy tools.By analyzing the current situation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei environmental policy tools and its influencing factors,this paper researches on how to maximize the utility of tools,and it has important theoretical and practical guiding significance.Based on the perspective of policy tools,firstly,the background and significance of the subject selection in the introduction are put forward in the introduction,and the domestic and foreign research overview,the research methods and contents of the environmental policy tools are introduced,so as to define the scope of the research and clarify the ideas.After that,it introduces the general meaning and the type of policy tools,as well as the classification and evolution of environmental policy tools.And then divides China's environmental policy tools into command-control,economic incentive and voluntary types.By analyzing the current situation of smog and haze control in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the study focuses on the characteristics of air pollution control,the effects of governance and the imbalance of governance status in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.In general,the atmospheric environment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has gradually improved,and its environmental policy tools have made certain achievements.At the same time,the environmental pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is still severe.At present,the environmental governance of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is mainly compulsory.Since the air pollution is cross-regional and unbalanced,and it is related to the three governments.This situation is particularity and complexity,and it has been put forward with higher requirements.On this basis,using the literature research method,comparative analysis method and case analysis method,the main methods of the three types of environmental policy tools selected in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are summarized.Among them,the command-control environmental policy tools include: environmental planning,special emission limits,pollutant discharge permits,pollutants deadline treatment,environmental monitoring and early warning and administrative orders;economic incentive environmental policy tools include: environmental taxes,ecological compensation and environmental subsidies;voluntary environmental policy tools include: environmental information disclosure and the public participate.By analyzing the specific application of these tools,the influence factors of these tools are explored.Finally,this paper proposes countermeasures to improve the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei environmental policy tools.First,learn from the experience of foreign environmental policy tools,including the experience of the United States in using cost-benefit analysis methods,the use of non-mandatory environmental policy tools in Korea,and the German concept of ecological civilization with its voluntary environmental policy tools.The second is the optimization of command-control environmental policy tools,including improving the quality of the main body of policy tools,giving play to the government's management advantages,improving the environmental management mechanism,and promoting the development of regional environmental synergy.The third is the optimization of economic incentive environmental policy tools,including full understanding of the superiority of market instruments,the economic incentives of using policy instruments,and the cultivation and introduction of high-end talents.The fourth is the optimization of voluntary environmental policy tools,including cultivating a good environment for citizen participation,enriching the forms of public participation,and strengthening public organizations for environmental protection.The fifth is the optimal combination of environmental policy tools,including the combination of local environmental conditions,rational coordination of tool selection;focus on policy selection opportunities,timely adjustment of tool mix;multi-agent participation in co-governance,innovative tool combination form.By proposing these countermeasures and suggestions,we hope to provide assistance for the selection of regional environmental policy tools in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,and provide useful ideas for environmental governance in China.