Study On Comprehensive Standardization Of Land Reclamation And Ecological Restoration In Mining Areas

Currently,the overall land reclamation rate in China is low,and the ecological environment deterioration in mining areas is prominent,which seriously endangers the security of cultivated land resources.As the product of the combination of system engineering and standardization,comprehensive standardization has become an important means of modern production and scientific management with the ultimate goal of establishing the standard complex suitable for the new development of the industry.From the point of view of improving and protecting the ecological system of the mining area,by establishing the national standard and industry standard system of land reclamation and ecological restoration,the advanced land reclamation technology is popularized,and the goal of overall protection,systematic restoration and comprehensive management of the ecological environment of the mining area is realized.Based on a large number of domestic and foreign research literature,standard specifications,monographs and patents related to land reclamation and ecological restoration,this paper usus literature analysis method,comparative analysis method,system analysis method and other methods to construct a standard system from three dimensions of activity elements,functional sequence and standard categories.According to the time sequence,land reclamation and ecological restoration in mining areas are divided into three stages: pre-mining planning,reclamation implementation and post-mining supervision.(1)In the pre-mining planning stage,the term of land remediation plays a basic guiding role for the follow-up land reclamation project;Standard for geological environment investigation and evaluation in mining areas,on the basis of integrating geological environment investigation in mines,cities and rural areas,better reflects the basic situation of geological environment in mining areas;The standard for investigation of damaged land puts forward the basic contents and methods of the investigation of damaged land in mining areas,and provides a foundation for land reclamation work.On the basis of the original content of basic information survey on mine land reclamation,the rules of basic information survey on mine land reclamation emphasizes the importance of information survey on the ownership of mine land.Based on the establishment of the criteria of ecosystem service function evaluation in mining areas,the theoretical basis,methods and measures of ecosystem service function evaluation in mining areas are put forward.Land reclamation plan is the "construction manual" of the project.(2)In the implementation stage of land reclamation,according to the land reclamation quality control standards,relevant land reclamation quality control indexes are proposed according to the reclamation process of geomorphic remolding,soil reconstruction,vegetation reconstruction and landscape reconstruction,so as to better guide and serve the land reclamation project management.This paper analyzes the characteristics of mining land damage in different mines and the limited factors of land reclamation,and puts forward the basic content and technical specifications of land reclamation in coal mine,metal mine and oil and gas project.(3)In the later supervision stage,the standard system for the later supervision stage of mine land reclamation and ecological restoration is put forward from three aspects: technical specification for monitoring and evaluation of mine land reclamation,quality control standard for ecological restoration of mine land reclamation and field determination standard for landscape coordination of reclaimed land.