Evaluation On Sustainable Development Of Island Cities From The Perspective Of Natural Capital

With the development of social economy,the destruction and pollution of human ecological environment has become increasingly serious,and the intensity of exploitation and utilization of natural capital has also increased,resulting in the recovery of ecological environment and the rate of capital renewal lag behind the increasing consumer demand of mankind.There are many islands in China,and island cities also have their own characteristics.However,in order to seek economic development,the island's ecological environment has been destroyed and polluted to varying degrees.In view of the fact that islands have independent ecosystems and ecological fragility is difficult to repair,the sustainable development of island cities has the importance and necessity of research.It is now generally accepted that regional sustainability is closely related to the consumption of natural capital stocks,and that natural capital stocks are not or less occupied,indicating that regional sustainability is strong.Conversely,natural capital stocks are consumed more and regional sustainability is weaker.However,if natural capital is expressed in terms of the amount of money,it is difficult to present the problem of stock consumption,and the judgment of sustainability may be wrong.Therefore,the physical quantity is usually used for expression.The ecological footprint theory is a common theory of physical quantity expression,and the three-dimensional ecological footprint method is its latest development,which can not only indicate the relationship between ecological environment pressure and ecological environment recovery,but also present the extent of consumption of natural capital stocks,and contribute to assessing regional sustainable development capabilities.But the three-dimensional footprint model is a general model,which has less attention to sea area capital and is more difficult to apply to the study of island natural capital or sustainable development,at the same time,the model fails to cover the balance of capital flow surplus,so it has certain limitations.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the fossil energy ecological footprint model,and pay attention to the sea area's own production consumption while fully considering the impact of energy consumption on the natural capital of the sea area.Moreover,the three-dimensional ecological footprint model should be expanded to cover not only the regional sustainability characteristics from the perspective of supply and demand,but also a more comprehensive assessment of regional sustainable development from the perspective of natural capital stock and flow consumption or surplus.In view of this,this paper selects three island cities(Xiamen,Pingtan,Dongshan)under different economic development stages and different development modes in Fujian Province as research areas,applying improved fossil energy footprint model and 3D ecological footprint model,analyze the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of different island cities,calculate and compare natural capital flows and stock consumption or surplus,evaluate the comprehensive capacity of island cities for sustainable development from four aspects:natural capital sustainability,resource utilization efficiency,resource consumption rationality and eco-economic coordination.Finally,based on the differences in sustainable development capabilities of three island cities,explore the causes and put forward targeted countermeasures,in order to enrich the ecological footprint,natural capital and sustainable development research cases,and provide scientific basis and decision support for the sustainable development of island cities.The results show:1)The ecological footprint has experienced varying degrees of volatility,and the ecological carrying capacity has undergone minor changes.From 2005 to 2015,the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Xiamen and Pingtan were all gradual.By 2015,Xiamen's ecological footprint was 2.44 hm~2,ecological carrying capacity was 0.06 hm~2,Pingtan's ecological footprint was 2.74 hm~2,and ecological carrying capacity was 0.10 hm~2.But the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Dongshan Mountain increased sharply in 11a.By 2015,the ecological footprint was 13.35 hm~2 and the ecological carrying capacity was 0.22 hm~2.In terms of supply and demand,the ecological deficits of the three cities were derived from arable land,grassland,forest land and sea areas.And the ecological surplus was derived from waters and construction land.However,due to the small surplus,the three cities are all in an ecological deficit.2)The depth of the flow has been continuously shortened,and the depth of the stock footprint has continued to deepen.From the perspective of the city as a whole,the three island cities have consumed capital stock.In 2015,the depth of Xiamen's stock footprint was 37.62,Pingtan was 27.73,Dongshan was 59.55,and 11a showed a continuous upward trend.Dongshan's growth rate and real volume were the highest,followed by Xiamen and Pingtan.As far as the utilization of natural capital in different land types is concerned,only the freshwater and construction land have a depth of less than 1 and there is still a surplus,but the construction land surplus has been reduced year by year,indicating that it is potentially coercive;while the rest of the land types have consumed capital stock,natural capital sustainability has turned lower.3)The overall sustainability of the three cities was low.The resource utilization efficiency of Xiamen and Pingtan has been improved,and the resource utilization rate of Dongshan has been low,indicating that resource consumption and economic growth are not balanced.From the perspective of ecological footprint diversity,the ecological diversity of the three cities has been low,the regional land use is not balanced,and the development and utilization of the sea area was excessive.The results of the eco-economic coordination coefficient show that the coordination degree of the three cities is poor.Finally,through a comprehensive evaluation of the sustainable development capabilities of the three cities,it was found that Xiamen and Pingtan levels are similar,while Dongshan continues to decline,lower than the other two places.Finally,based on the above research results,the impact of different economic stages and different development models on the natural capital and sustainable development of island cities was discussed,and targeted recommendations were proposed.