Energy-saving Test And Simulation Analysis Of Traditional Rural Residence In Central Region Of Shandong Province

With rapid development of economy,the energy shortage and environmental pollution are becoming increasingly serious in China.The energy consumption of industries,buildings and transportation has become the "three giants" in the energy structure in which the energy consumption of building accounts for almost 30%.Springing up green,energy efficient buildings as a significant way of energy saving and emission reduction has gained social recognition.After integrating domestic and international techniques,standards and evaluation systems of building energy-saving behavior,65% energy-saving standards for residences designing in severe cold,cold,summer-hot and winter-cold areas were promulgated and implemented in 2010,and so as to green building evaluation standard in 2014.Shandong province took the lead,in 2015,implementing 75% energy-saving standards for residences,which indicates that energy-saving performance of urban residences has reached a new height,whereas there's still no relevant standards for rural residences.In this project,the site test,reconstruction design and new-built design ware carried out to improve the energy-saving performance of the typically traditional residences in the central region of Shandong Province.First,investigate the structural form and heating methods of the traditional residences,and feelings of households to thermal-comfort,finding some existing serious problems of high energy consumption and poor comfort inside the residences in winter.In Changqing District,Ji'nan City,a typically representative clay brick masonry structured residence was selected and tested focused on energy-saving and indoor comfort behavior,which uesd static energy consumption theory and heat-flow-meter method.The calculation and and analysis of the thermal performance,energy consumption and the influencing factors show that the tested residence has poor energy consumption behavior and thermal comfort,which cannot meet the 75% energy-saving standard because of deficiencies of envelope insulation performance and uncompact shape.Three-dimensional of the residence was modeled and verified,based on the site test,using the dynamic energy consumption simulation software DeST-h.Meanwhile,7 series of 45 models were established for variable parameter simulation analysis and quantitative energy evaluation,including the thickness of envelope wall insulation(WI Series),roof insulation thickness(RI Series),glass type of windows and doors(GK Series),window wall area ratio(WW Series),building shape coefficient(BS Series),construction orientation(BO Series),ventilation frequency(VF Series).The results show that improving the thermal performance of wall and roof by increasing the external insulation layer is the most effective way to reduce the energy consumption of the heating,but the thickness of the insulation layer should be controlled in a proper range;The use of hollow glass for doors and windows and the construction of sunshine room,controlling the building orientation and area ratio of window to wall can decrease the building shape coefficient and improve the utilization rate of solar energy,which are the most economical methods to reduce the energy consumption of heating;On the basic of ensuring the quality of indoor air,reducing the frequency of ventilation is the most direct method to reduce the energy consumption.Well-running and efficient natural ventilation is the main way to reduce energy consumption in summer.Thus,three-dimensional residence was modeled using building ventilation simulation software Airpak to get the air flow path and velocity.The results show it's easy to form whirlpool in the residential courtyard,the indoor air flow path is unclear and the ventilation effect is poor.The layout of rooms and the location of doors and windows are unreasonable.The reconstruction scheme is proposed to make the traditional residence reach the 65% energy saving standard by reducing the energy consumption by more than 70%,which is based on the test of energy-saving behavior and simulation of dynamic energy consumption and natural ventilation and combined with the local regional characteristics using the passive energy saving technology such as natural ventilation,lighting,solar heat,high efficiency heat preservation.The new-built scheme of residential buildings is proposed to meet the 75% energy saving standard,which is combined with the design elements of room layout,space characteristics,enclosure structure.Further simulation of air-flow environment shows that the new scheme can make the residence get clear and reasonable natural ventilation path.