The Application Of Five Forces Model Theory In The Planning And Design Of Small Cities

With the development of urban and rural overall planning and urbanization process,the construction of many small-scale cities have a huge leap forward in our country.However in the process of planning and construction of these small cities,some problems still occurred.For example,the lack of urban competitiveness,planning designers’ single means of planning resulting in homogeneity,blind construction leading to planning and industry not combined into a whole.These problems restrict the development of this kind of cities,especially small cities.In the face of small city planning and design,what means of urban planning and design planners should use to achieve the purpose of enhancing the competitiveness of small cities,is a more valuable research direction at present.This paper will combine the theory of urban competitiveness at domestic and abroad with the five-force model put forward by Michael Porter,a professor of economics and management at Harvard Business School,which is used to improve the competitiveness of enterprises,and presents a method to improve the competitiveness of small cities from the perspective of planners.The first part discusses the development of urbanization in China and the background of the development of small cities.The second part is the key of this research,explaining the related concepts of the paper.Then it discusses the development of small cities at domestic and abroad,and summarizes the status and problems of the planning and design of small cities in China,which lays a foundation for the coming stage research.The third part mainly studies Michael Porter’s theory of national competitive advantage,IMD theory and model of national competitiveness,Tang Lizhi’s urban competitiveness model,Ni Pengfei’s model of City competitiveness bowstring arrowmodel and other theories.Then it evaluates which of these theoretical achievements can guide the planning of small cities,and then introduces Porter’s five-force model theory into it,and introduces five aspects of the five-force model that affect the competitiveness of enterprises.(The bargaining power of the supplier,the bargaining power of the purchaser,the strength of the competitors in the industry,the threat of the substitute product,the threat of the potential entrants)Combined with the factors affecting the competitiveness of the city,a new model which can guide the planners to operate in the planning and design is derived.Namely:Government and industry(Supplier),Crowd of users(Buyer),Cities with similar functions in the region(A competitor in the industry),Similar urban functions of nearby cities(Substitute product),Adjacent cities with the potential to develop similar urban functions(Potential entrants).The 4th part takes the urban planning and design of Shizhu County in Chongqing as an example during the practice at the tutor’s studio,which starts from the point of view of enhancing the competitiveness of the city and expounds the methods and means of the new five forces model to intervene in the planning of small cities to enhance their competitiveness.This paper elaborates the strategies to enhance the competitiveness of Shizhu County from five angles,namely:Competitive strategies of government and industry,competition strategies of users,competition strategies with existing small cities around them,competition strategies with areas with similar functions to old urban areas,and the competition strategy for small cities with the potential of developing.Based on the study of the theory of urban competitiveness model and the five forces model,combined with the planning example of Shizhu county in Chongqing,this paper studies the means for planners to use the five forces model to improve the competitiveness of the city.Ultimately,an experimental model is put forward to provide a systematic approach for city planners to improve the competitiveness of cities through proper planning.