Research On Evaluation And Policy Of Urban Green Transportation Development

With the acceleration of urbanization and the remarkable improvement of the people's living,the motorization of urban transportation in China is developing rapidly,and the urban motor vehicles ownership is increasing sharply.A series of problems,such as traffic congestion,the increase of traffic energy consumption,and atmospheric pollution,have become increasingly serious.Higher demands on the development model of urban transportation have been proposed under unprecedented social and environmental pressures.The green transportation,which aims at meeting the maximum demand with the minimum consumption,is widely concerned by the academic circles under the background of deeper contradictions between traffic and resource environment in China.This paper mainly focuses on the urban green transportation development.Firstly,the connotation,evaluation,policy and practice trends of green transportation are reviewed by referring to the theory and practice results at home and abroad.Then,the factors and mechanisms of resident travel in the development of urban green transportation are further analyzed.Finally,the status quo and problems of the urban transportation development are reviewed,and the evaluation index system of green transportation development is constructed based on DPSIR(Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response)model.At last,typical cities are selected for empirical evaluation,and the policy recommendations to promote the development of urban green transportation are specifically proposed.The results of the study are as follows:(1)Research on the factors of resident trip in the development of urban green transportation.Residents' participation in green travel is a key element to measure the development of urban green transportation,and a direct reflection of urban green transportation.The influencing factors of the residents' travel mode are analyzed from the macroscopic(social economy,traffic policy,transportation infrastructure,transportation layout,land development)and microscopic(personal attributes and travel characteristics)perspectives.The questionnaire data is analysed by contingency table analysis and logistic regression analysis.The results show that the household monthly income,traffic jam status,and bus waiting time cannot be considered into the regression model because statistical test is not significant.Transportation subsidies,oil prices,availability of direct public transport,safety of public transport,average travel time on the working day,and comfortable ride of public transport,should be rationally integrated into the urban green transportation index system,which have significant correlation with the residents' green travel mode.(2)Construct an evaluation index system for urban green transport development based on the DPSIR model.Based on the existing literature,using the theoretical analysis method and frequency statistics method to summarize the existing evaluation index system,combining the specific concepts and basic characteristics of green transportation,DPSIR model is introduced to establish an evaluation index system for urban green transportation development.Target system of indicator system is the development level of urban green transportation.The criteria level includes five systems: driving force,pressure,status,influence,and response.The indicator layer is the selected 31 basic indicators.The model based on the development mechanism of urban green transportation system,the factors of social economy,resources and environment and the relationship among factors are taked into account.And from the perspective of systematic analysis,the relationship between multiple environmental indicators is solved,and the core regulation of people in urban green transportation system is highlighted.Moreover,AHP-entropy method is applied to combine subjective and objective weight,reflecting the importance of evaluation index reasonably and accurately.(3)The empirical analysis of the green transportation development level and policy recommendations on Xuzhou.As a typical old industrial base and old mining city,also is issued by the State Council in December 3,2013,which is a regenerative resource-based city determined by the national sustainable development plan for resource based cities(2013-2020 years),the main problems pf Xuzhou urban transportation are as follows: huge population base of Xuzhou,increasing traffic pressure in the central city,the problems of aggravation of traffic pollution(air pollution,noise pollution),frequent traffic accidents and serious road jams,which constrain the further development of urban transportation.The conclusions of empirical analysis on evaluation index system of urban green transportation in Xuzhou are as follows: the overall development level of green transportation in Xuzhou was improved significantly in 2008-2015,and the comprehensive evaluation value increased by nearly twice in fluctuation;The dominant pressure of Xuzhou transportation system is the most important reason for its development;The action response of government and public is the key factor to improve the comprehensive level of green transportation;Furthermore,the number of buses,the emission of vehicle pollutants,per capita GDP,and the public recognition of green travel,should be the focus of attention of urban green transportation development,which are the important indexes and main restrictive factors.Finally,based on the results of empirical analysis,the corresponding policy suggestions are proposed from following aspects:(i)urban green transportation development level has kept the rising trend during slight fluctuation;(ii)the synergistic effect is presented between urban transportation pressure system and green transportation synthetic system;(iii)the development green transportation status system is unstable and the continuity is inadequate;(iv)the human positive response is the key factor to improve the comprehensive level of green transportation.Furthermore,the corresponding suggestions are proposed to promote urban green transportation.