Study On Exotic Stupa In Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

Exotic Stupa,also known as Huata,many scholars believe that its "long-term view is like a bouquet",so it is vividly called Flower Stupa.Exotic stupas were built in the Northern Song Dynasty and Liao and Jin Dynasties.There were no new examples in the later dynasties.They were popular for nearly three hundred years,just like a flash in the pan.Exotic stupa is a new type of stupa that appeared in Song,Liao and Jin Dynasties.Its appearance enriched the types of ancient stupas in China.Because of its complex construction technology and decoration technology,the number of construction at that time was not much.After thousands of years of vicissitudes,it is even more countable that can be preserved to the contemporary era,each of which is truly a rare treasure.According to statistics,there are only a dozen existing exotic stupa in China,scattered in six northern provinces and cities,and the number of remains in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei region accounts for the highest proportion.As a wonderful flower in the Chinese Buddhist Stupa system,the exotic stupa has high artistic value,cultural relic value and ornamental value because of its unique shape and exquisite relief of the stupa body.In addition,the exotic stupa architecture is tangible and real,and the various characteristics it reflects are the materialization of many invisible and intangible things in the region during this period.Therefore,the study of exotic stupa architecture in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area has important reference value for understanding the evolution of the form of Buddhist pagoda,construction technology and aesthetic trend of the Song-Liao-Jin period in China,as well as the regional characteristics of the architecture in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area in the Song-Liao-Jin period.This paper takes the existing and existing exotic stupas in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei as samples,mainly through field investigation,supplemented by the indirect way of consulting relevant historical materials and inquiring relevant persons,and combines the two methods to study.At present,the existing exotic stupas in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei are known as: the exotic stupa of Wanfotang and Zhenggang stupa;the Fushan stupa in Tianjin;and the exotic stupa of Guanghui Temple,Xiude Temple,Qinghua Temple,Pharmacist Ling Stupa and Xiansheng Temple in Hebei.The paper plans to study from the following four aspects: first,to clarify the definition of exotic stupa,to describe its distribution and current situation in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei region;second,to explore the possible reasons for the formation of exotic stupa in the context of the formation of regional history and culture in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei region and the social situation in Song,Liao and Jin Dynasties;third,to survey,map and consult historical documents through field research.Fourthly,case studies are carried out on the planning,site selection,shape characteristics and form evolution of exotic stupas in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in order to obtain the overall features of exotic stupas in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.