The Spatial Distribution Of Prehistoric Settlement Sites In Zhengzhou-Luoyang Area And The Research On Its Factors

Settlement archaeology taked settlement sites as the research unit,and from its spatial distribution it could be seen the cultural idea,the religious belief,the ideological form and so on,which could reflect the social organization structure and the developmental level of the productive fore at a given time and place.At the same time,the study of the locational relationship among settlements could not be ignored.It could provide some evidence for researching the natural environment and subordinate position of settlements.The paper taked the ZhengLuo area as the research area and taked Peiligang cultural period,early Yangshao cultural period,later Yangshao cultural period and Longshan cultural period as the time axis.Spatial distribution characteristics of prehistoric settlement sites and their factors were analyzed and studied in this paper.Firstly,the method of spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to research locational relationship among prehistoric settlement sites.And it could be found that the spatial distribution of sites during four cultural periods has positive spatial autocorrelation.And the differences of spatial distribution during four cultural periods can be reflected when the size of grid is from 6000 to 10000.In order to highlight differences of spatial distribution characteristics of prehistoric sites during four cultural periods,the map of the drainage basin was used as the base map.It can be found that the sites during Peiligang period are mainly distributed around Mount Song,and the sites during the other three periods are mostly distributed in Yiluo River Basin and Yellow River Basin.But the distribution range and aggregation center are not the sameSecondly,in order to study reasons for differences of spatial distribution characteristics during four cultural periods,six physical geographical elements were selected.They were elevation,slope,aspect,the distance from rivers,geomorphic types and soil types.The method of quantitative statisties was used to analyze the signal factor,and it could be seen that settlement sites are mainly distributed at the elevation from 100 to 400 meters,slope from 0 to 1 degree,slope 0(i.e.fat ground),the distance from rivers within 500 meters,and soil types cinnamon soil,soil of cinnamon soil and Calcic cinnamon soil.From Peiligang cultural period to Longshan cultural period,landform types were increasing.The changes in the first two periods were larger,and the latter two were smaller.Variation coefficient method was used to analyze factors,and it could be found that weight coefficients of slope,aspect and distance from rivers were the largest.In other words,these three factors had the biggest effect on the spatial distribution of settlement sites.Thirdly,on the basis of previous research results,the variation tendency of temperature in China during the Holocene and the change trend of three proxies within the seope of ZhengLuo area were adopted to analyze the climate change in Zhengluo area during four cultural periods.It can be found that the climate change during the Holocene has a great relationship with the distribution of sites during four cultural sites and cultural replacement.During early Peiligang period,the climate is cold and dry,and vegetation coverage is low.So the sites have high average elevation and are far away from rivers.During Yangshao period,the climate on the whole are warm and wet,which is suitable for the development of sites.And the average elevation drops and the distance from rivers decreases.The climate of Longshan is similar to Yangshao,but hydrothermal condition is worse.So the average elevation drops and the distance from rivers increases.