A Research On Landscape Of Typical Tunpu Settlements In Central Guizhou

For human beings,traditional settlements are not only the production and living space,but also a natural-humanistic complex with ecological functions,cultural significance and social values.The subject of this study,Tunpu settlements,could be traced back to an unique military system in Ming Dynasty At that time,the Tunpu settlement was built in the Karst mountain natural environment in Guizhou area and has undergone dynasty changes and social changes for hundreds of years.In the constant development and evolution,it has always adhered to the unique ethnic culture and has a distinctive settlement landscape.This paper combines landscape architecture,anthropology,sociology and other multi-disciplinary perspectives.Through field research,literature research,and comparative analysis,this paper systematically studies the morphological characteristics,comprehensive attributes and multiple functions of the typical Tunpu settlement landscap in Anshun area.The conclusion of this study is as follows:(1)In macroscopic view,the Tunpu settlements occupy the military main roads and are stationed in the karst natural geographical environment where the cultivated land is scarce and the disasters are frequent.With the special needs of "military farming" and "military garrison",Tunpu settlement basically meet its needs through the reasonable planning and construction of settlement space,it adapted to the natural environment and formed a settlement spatial pattern of "mountain-forest-water system-field-village" as well as a karst mountain settlement landscape characteristics;(2)From medium view,the morphological types of the Tunpu settlement are closely related to the historical process,and social structure.More than 600 years since the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,the social and historical process of twists and turns has been experienced.In terms of the region,it can be roughly divided into four different stages.The different types of Tunpu settlements arise from different historical stages.After analysis,this paper believes that the involved Tunpu settlements can be divided into four categories according to their morphological types:"classic camp type" primary settlements with typical military camp characteristics,"transitional" or "composite type" affected by military construction and family patriarchal methods."The Tunpu settlements,the "family-aggregated" derivative-derived bunker settlements,and the "refuge"-derived bunker settlements that evolved from "?".(3)From feature space systems,the uplifting ceremony landscape of the Tunpu settlement is influenced by the characteristics of the settlement space,cultural beliefs and social structure of the ethnic group,forming a distinct landscape feature.At the same time,the ritual landscape builds up the local identity of the settlement from the three aspects of strengthening the spatial identity,cultural identity and social identity of the Tunpu settlement.