The Study On The Ethnic Traditional Rural Settlement Form In Karst Mountainous Area Of Guizhou Province

For a long time,the studies on ethnic traditional rural settlement in Karst mountainous area largely focused on one minority view or they concerned with the settlement distribution in Karst region on the perspective of Geography Subject.It is rarely concerned for Karst mountainous area as a geographical unit to study spatial characteristics of ethnic settlements in the area.From the intersect perspective geography and architecture and urban and rural planning,on the basis of a large number of field investigation,historical data collection and residential building surveying and mapping,quantitative analysis method of traditional rural settlement space in recent years were introduced;Qualitative research and quantification were combined and applied.On the basis of understanding of geographical conditions,cultural ideology,production mode,social organization structure and defensive characteristics and other aspects of Karst,the distribution,site-selection,boundary shape,spatial structure characteristics and residential building of the traditional rural settlement in Karst were summarized and generalized.Further to choose typical Karst landform areas of Tunpu settlement and Buyi traditional village in central Guizhou as the object for further in-depth study.The formation and evolution,macro distribution,village morphology and building space were dissected on the traditional rural settlements of the above two groups and the characteristics were extracted.The factors and mechanism of the formation of morphological characteristics were analyzed and combed.Quantitative analysis of the public space polygon,building orientation,building density and settlement unit were added.Quantitative data facilitates for the comparison and study of the settlements,feature extraction and database establishment and at the same time support the operation of qualitative analysis.The Han immigrants in Tunpu and the Han traditional rural settlement in its parent source Jiangnan were further compared;the inheritance and change were clarified and the evolution of the Karst region were combed;Han immigrants in Tunpu and the ethnic group of Buyi Settlement were compared and the regional characteristics of their settlement patterns were extracted.These two comparative studies are respectively from the perspective of source and parallel,which has more clearly identified and understood the impact of the Karst region on settlement patterns.At the same time,it helped us find out which morphological factors are mainly affected by the natural and geographical environment of Karst and which are not easy to change by geographical environment in a variety of morphological characterization.In the course of the study,typical samples of the villages were anatomized to make the study more vivid and thorough.In the end,qualitative and quantitative researches were carried out on distribution evolution in recent years,settlement evolution model,boundary expansion characteristics and mechanism of rural settlement,interior space and the evolution of the houses of the traditional rural settlement in Karst mountainous area of Guizhou Province.In the conclusion part,the above morphological studies were concluded.The affecting factors of the Karst mountainous area traditional settlement pattern,the general characteristics,site-selecting,settlement boundary characteristics,settlement space structure characteristics and house space characteristics of the Karst mountainous area settlement distribution were summarized.Spatial morphological characteristics of Tunpu settlement,spatial morphology of Buyi rural settlement and the contemporary evolution characteristics of the spatial patterns of the traditional rural settlement in Karst mountainous area of Guizhou Province were also summarized.In addition,some ideas were put forwardbased on these conclusions.This subject points out the inner law of the formation,development and evolution of the settlement pattern in Karst and Its enlightenment to the future development.Through the above research,we can better understand the past and the moment,and on this basis,we can think about and deal with the future more objectively.And it is also beneficial for the protection of the traditional rural settlement with local characteristics and the formation of its developing path.