Research On Identify And Map Construct Of Landscape’s In Traditional Settlements Of The Western Henan Province

Traditional settlements contain a large number of precious landscape heritages,which are particularly precious in today’s world full with reinforced concrete.However,how to make the long-time preserved and effective inheritance of traditional settlements become a difficult problem in current research.This paper takes 32 national traditional settlements in western Henan as the research object.Through literature collection and field investigation,research on the historical characteristics,settlement layout,architectural characteristics,toponymy and cultural characteristics of traditional settlements in western Henan.Drawing support from the theory of landscape genes,from the macro layout of the general layout of the settlement to the microscopic architectural partial decoration pattern,combining the quantitative and qualitative,and to identify and extract landscape genes of traditional settlements in western Henan,such as layout,architectural features,environmental features and totem culture,etc.Thus mining and sorting out the western Henan traditional settlements landscape gene map.Based on the study of the traditional settlements in western Henan,the paper draws the following conclusions:(1)The general characteristics of the traditional settlements in western Henan are obvious.The historical characteristics are old,poor,local identity and multiple migration.The layout of the settlement focuses on the back side of the shade,the face of the sun,and the back of the mountain.The building type divides the silo-cave,the stone tribe and the brick wood structure.The origin of village names is related to villagers’ surnames,geographical structure,historical figures and events,settlement plane shape,characteristic buildings and plants,etc.Western Henan culture is deeply influenced by Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism.(2)Extraction of landscape genes from traditional settlements in western Henan.The layout of settlements can be divided into mountain topography,plain type and plateau platform type.The building plane can be divided into silo-cave,triheyuan and siheyuan.Due to the different geographical climate,the face of the building can be divided into cave dwelling,ordinary single-storey and one-and-a-half-storey structure.The roof is a pitched roof and flat roof.In the study of building materials,cave-dwelling is mainly raw soil,mountain building is mainly raw soil and stone,plain building is mainly brick and wood.Among the public buildings in the settlement,there are ancestral halls,temples,academies and xiulou.(3)In the study of gene map of traditional settlements landscape in western Henan,the shape of the settlement is divided into natural type,strip type and cluster type,and the roadway is divided into natural type,regular type and radial type.The traditional architectural plane types are divided into the silo-cave,erheyuan,triheyuan and siheyuan,and are distributed regionally.The house face type divides into the silo-cave,one layer type,one layer half type.The road door is divided into a separate type according to the combination with the wing room,and is integrated with the inverted seat,one side cabin and two side cabins.Architectural decorative patterns are beautifully designed.(4)Introducing landscape gene theory into the protection of traditional settlements,the theoretical deficiency of cultural heritage protection can effectively improve and accurately grasp the protection focus and development direction of traditional settlements.