The Efficiency Analysis Of China's Railway Industry

Transportation industry,as an important industry in China's economic development,plays an important role in promoting China's economic development.Railway transportation industry is favored by people because it is less affected by climate and natural conditions,and its loading capacity and transportation efficiency are high.So its market share in transportation industry is gradually rising.China's railway transport development is later than that of the West,but in recent decades,China's railway construction has made remarkable achievements,ranking in the forefront of the world in terms of transport turnover,transport mileage and other aspects,and China is a country with high transport efficiency in the world.China's huge investment in railways has made a qualitative leap forward in the development,the technology level is also constantly improving.It has made tremendous contributions to the rapid growth of China's economy and provided an important guarantee for the normal operation and development of social economy.But nowadays,the growth of railway transportation efficiency in our country cannot meet the needs of economic development,and railway operation mileage and transport volume cannot drive the increase of transport revenue.The market share in the transportation industry has a downward trend.However,considering the energy saving,emission reduction and safety,railway transportation is more suitable for the sustainable development of our economy.Therefore,in the long run,researching efficiency of railway transport industry is of realistic meaning to both the railway transport industry itself and the development of China's society.Based on the input and output index of railway transport industry,this article describes and analyses the development status and total factor productivity of railway in China by using data envelopment analysis(DEA),Malmquist index and Tornqvist index.This article chooses the turnover of passenger and freight transportation in the railway transportation industry from 1998 to 2017 as the output index,and the net value of fixed assets,the number of workers and comprehensive energy consumption as the input index.After describing,it is found that the investment of fixed assets in the early stage rises year by year,and the investment amount tends to be flat and the growth rate decreases in recent years;The number of workers is growing in a volatile way,and the situation of rapid rise and decline begins in 2010,but the per capita wage is increasing continuously,and the growth in the later stage is slowing down;Because of the enhancement of work's strength of energy conservation and emission reduction,the comprehensive energy consumption increases first and then decreases.In recent years,the decrease of freight volume has caused the decrease of freight turnover and transportation revenue.At the same time,the railway passenger transport revenue and turnover are increasing year by year,and the growth rate has a trend of slowing down of in recent years.Empirical analysis using three models shows that the total factor productivity of China's railway transport industry has been continuously improving,but it has been slowly decreasing since 2011;the technical efficiency of railway transport industry has been reduced,and the allocation efficiency of existing resources has not reached the optimal state,and the scale efficiency has not been improved.Technological progress has a significant role in promoting the improvement of total factor productivity.Generally speaking,the growth of railway transport efficiency in China is more due to technological progress.From the empirical results of the whole,the railway transport efficiency level is not ideal in China in recent years,and have declined,especially the scale efficiency hinder the improvement of the technical efficiency.China needs to strengthen the management level of railway transportation,optimize the management structure,adjust the investment scale and structure,improve the labor input efficiency,improve the level of innovation technology,strengthen the core competitive advantage,and ensure the stable development of national economy and society.