The Research On Total Factor Productivity Of Chinese Railway Industry

As the artery of national economy,railway transportation has a profound impact on our country's economic and social development.With the rapid development of social economy,the problems of insufficient railway transportation capacity and fierce competition with other modes of transportation have once restricted the development of comprehensive transportation in China.At the same time,the railway has the advantages of low pollution and high safety.Therefore,the analysis of the productivity of the railway transportation industry,the factors that affect its changes,and the countermeasures to improve efficiency are of great significance to improve the market share of railway transportation and improve operational performance.This paper selects the three-stage DEA-Malmquist index model to measure the total factor productivity based on the research and development of the railway transportation industry,and horizontally compares the efficiency levels of 18 railway bureaus in 2007-2016.It is divided into East and West West to compare the railway transportation productivity of different regions.This paper establishes a BCC model to analyze the efficiency of static integrated technology in China's railway transportation industry.Also,The Malmquist index model is established to analyze the change of total factor productivity,finding the factors affect the efficiency and comparing the results of the first and third stages.The paper selects the line mileage,the number of employees,the net value of fixed assets and the total energy consumption of the locomotive as input indicators,freight turnover,passenger turnover and transportation income as output indicators,population density,foreign trade dependence and GDP per unit area as environment indicators.The results show that the three-stage DEA is more reasonable and reliable than the traditional DEA,after eliminating environmental variables and random interference.The BCC model empirical results show that the composite average efficiency of railway transportation industry in our country achieve 0.824,where low scale efficiency restricts the improvement of it;From the perspective of each railway brueau,Shanghai,Taiyuan and Guangzhou have the highest comprehensive technical efficiency,reaching 1,and the railway brueau with lowest comprehensive technical efficiency are Qinghai,Kunming and Harbin;From the perspective of three regions of the eastern,central and western regions,the total efficiency of east area is highest,the central area ranks second,while the west area is the lowest.Environment factors have an inhibitory effect on the development of the railway transportation industry in the eastern region and have a positive impact on the central and western regions.The empirical results of the Malmquist index model show that the total factor productivity of China's railway transportation industry achieved an average annual growth rate of 3.6%from 2007 to 2016.From the perspective of each railway brueau,all railway bureaus's total factor productivity increased except Shenyang railway bureau.Shanghai and Qinghai-Tibet Railway Bureau have the largest total factor productivity.The fastest growing of total factor productivity is eastern region,the western region at last.Factors such as the external economic population in the past decade have been beneficial to the development of the railway transportation industry in the eastern and central regions,but not to the western region.Generally speaking,China's railway transportation industry is in good condition,but there are two highlight problems:first,the efficiency or the total factor productivityof some railway bureau is poor.Second,the growth of total factor productivity is slowing down,and the situation of negative growth should be guarded.Finally,this paper puts forward some suggestions for the further improvement of total factor productivity in China's railway transportation industry,including continuing to accelerate the reform of the railway system,actively advancing the multimodal transportation business to release the transportation capacity.