Urban-Plan Morphology Analysis:A Case Study Of Xiongyue Ancient City From The Perspective Of Urban Typo-Morphology

Urban typo-morphology originated in Europe in the 1960 s.It combines the research methods of urban morphology and architectural typology.It has become an important tool for analyzing and understanding urban spatial morphology in European and American countries.At the beginning of this century,domestic scholars noticed its great significance and value,introduced it into China,and launched case studies of some cities and towns,and gradually explored the research framework of localization adapted to China's situation.The study of architecture and urban form in Northeast China pays more attention to single buildings or modern big cities and historic blocks.The study of urban form with the whole ancient town as its object is relatively scarce,and there are still some deficiencies in the study of the morphology and evolution of the historic town itself.Xiong Yue was the seat of Pingguo County in the Han and Wei Dynasties.In history,Xiong Yue was a local economic center,transportation hub and military town.Its overall form was different from the traditional historical city of Fangcheng Cross Street,showing irregular outline and unique structure of the north-south single-axis main street.Today,Xiong Yue is a rare case of historic towns in Liaoning Province,where the structure of cities and towns is well preserved.It largely retains the traditional texture characteristics of cities and towns.However,under the pressure of urban modernization,the status quo of the ancient city and its historical buildings are becoming more and more dilapidated and precarious.This paper selects Xiongyue ancient city as the research object,and mainly referring to the research method of Urban typo-morphology based on architecture.On the basis of urban plane analysis,the urban form and development evolution of Xiong Yue are studied in depth.In theory,this study explores the localization research methods of urban morphological typology in China;In practice,it provides intuitive and detailed basic graphic and textual data for the historic city relics in the endangered Liaoning region,and summarizes the protection strategies.Guided by the theory of Urban typo-morphology,the article is based on field research,and draws on relevant research results at home and abroad.It integrates and reveals the morphological characteristics of the overall shape,roads,street profiles,property plots and building types of Xiongyue ancient city.The main content includes six parts: The first part is the introduction,which clarifies the research purpose and content,and briefly introduces theresearch object.The second part is the historical evolution and the overall shape research,which is analyzed by means of satellite image and plane.Record the development and evolution of the urban area and surrounding areas of the Tucheng of Hanping Guo,the brick city of Mingyi Road and the late Qing Dynasty-Republic of China,the 1960 s and the 21 st century,and define the scope of the early city boundary.The third part mainly analyses the evolution process of irregular road system,determines the structure and form of road network system in different historical stages,defines the proportion and scale of current streets,and extracts the typical road vocabulary of Xiong Yue.The fourth part firstly carries on the quantitative analysis to the shape type,the plane scope,the density coverage of the street,reflects the complex plot relations within the street through its physical characteristics,and then studies the characteristics of the division rule,the organization mode and the type of the property rights land,and explores the motivation behind the evolution of the property plots through the comparison between the traditional courtyard and the current situation of mixed residence.The fifth part surveys and maps the key buildings in detail,and on this basis summarizes their layout,grade regulation,building entrance,door and window types and material decoration.The sixth part is the conclusion section.Based on the results of the previous analysis,the morphological characteristics of the elements at different levels are summarized: fishbone structure of uniaxial main street,tortuous roads,flat and long streets,narrow strip plots,simple architectural styles and so on.Through the above research,we can basically see the morphological characteristics and development rules of the five elements of ancient city blocks.In this process,the paper also graphically maps all aspects of the Xiongyue ancient city,and show the historical evolution process of urban form elements intuitively and clearly with graphic illustration.Through the systematic analysis of the evolution logic of the spatial form and architectural type of Xiongyue ancient city,we can not only classify and divide the spatial composition which conforms to the texture of the ancient city,but also provide valuable reference opinions for the future development of the ancient city,and provide reference and guidance for the continuation of the texture,inheritance context,heritage protection,regional renewal of the ancient city.