| In the process of social development in our country,land use planning as an important tool for land use management plays an important role in coordinating social and economic development.However,with the reform of rural areas and the development of social economy,shortcomings of the current land use master planning on micro-management,development coordination and other aspects in rural areas have become prominent increasingly.As the smallest administrative unit in China,village is the concrete implementer of various land management systems and policies of the country,and village land use planning becomes the key means of micro-management of rural land use.Therefore,rationally compiling the village land use planning,playing the role of planning guidance and regulation,is crucial to adapt to rural social and economic development.From the development of village land use planning,in practical exploration,the planning mostly limited by the previous planning background and concept,was difficult to reflect the development characteristics and governance needs of the new era.And in theoretical research,the academic circles have also carried out corresponding theoretical summarization from different historical development situations,emphasizing on the meaning,positioning,tasks,systems,content and other aspects of village land use planning,but they lack holistic awareness and understanding about why planning,how to operate and other issues under the new situation.Wherefore,basic cognition and practical research is still insufficient.To this end,based on the new situation of rural social development and governance,this paper followed the logical system of "combination of theory and practice",and constructed the basic theoretical framework of village land use planning from the aspects of planning drive and meaning,planning objectives and content,planning principles and paths,focusing on the core cognition of "why do planning,what to do and how to do" in the village land use planning in the new era.Moreover,taking Yakou village,Rongchang District,Chongqing Municipality as a typical research area,based on the analytic thinking of “status analysis-planning process-benefit evaluation”,the overall process of village land use planning was systematically discussed,to enrich theory and practice of village land use planning and provide theoretical support and practical reference for village land use planning expansion in rural areas.The main conclusions were as follows:(1)Village land use planning is a regulation and management measure that effectively responds to rural land use transformation and economic and social transformation.Based on the new situation of rural social development,village land use planning is an inevitable choice to adapt to the land micro-management and development of rural society affected by the actual problems of rural land use and the needs of social development,and it is not only of extension and improvement of township-level planning,also is objective requirements for land use planning management in rural economic and social development in the new period.Through coordinating the land use activities and coordinating the regulation of human-land relations,it is of great significance to improving the level of rural land use and management and guiding the transformation of agricultural and rural development.(2)Establishing the goal of production-living-ecological space structure and function optimization,and controlling the core content of spatial layout and optimize,are the value of village land use planning to cope with rural space optimization and governance needs in new situation.Production-living-ecological optimization is the target setting of village land use planning in the new era,and the target connotation of production function-three production integration,life function-community construction,ecological function-green coordination is determined.Arranging land use activities rationally by planning,can regulate,configure and guide all aspects of population,land,industry,and resource elements to achieve the regulation and coordination of production-life-ecological space and function optimization.Besides,the specific content of the planning is set,including land use structure adjustment and layout,spatial pattern optimization,land comprehensive remediation,land use space control and other four important content.The target and content can adapt the core and needs of rural spatial planning governance to provide support for rural space optimization and governance.(3)Following the “five major planning principles”,“four process stages” and “multi-regulation” leadership is path paradigm of village land use planning.The five principles are the premise and basis of planning including protection priority,conservation and intensive,overall planning and coordination,breakthrough of tradition,cultivation of characteristics,local conditions,classification guidance,public participation,villager autonomy.And the planning establishment process are rationally divided into four stages including cognition analysis,arrangement implementation,comprehensive coordination and inductive formation.In addition,specific ideas and operating procedures for planning are determined that “multi-regulation” is the guiding direction,integrating rural space various development plans to form the planning ideas of space layout,space management and space optimization.On the basis,the “three-steps” operation mode are specifically put forward,divided into “clear land use and overall spatial layout,delineating three-line boundary and three-spaces,comprehensive balanced land use and coordinated optimization of production-living-ecological space”,which provides operability for spatial layout and optimization.Thus,it can provide theoretical guidance for rational and scientific development of village land use planning and optimization of rural land use and production-living-ecological space.(4)The development conditions of resource elements and spatial suitability evaluation in rural region are the basis for planning development orientation and spatial layout and optimization.Study area was a typical mountainous agricultural development type.The advantages of agricultural resources were outstanding dominated by pouching and gardening in production space,but there were important factors that restricted the development of agricultural industry including quality of rural roads and accessibility,water infrastructure,etc.The rural settlement in living space was scattered distribution and inefficient use,likewise,the infrastructure and public service facilities were imperfect,which affected the living conditions of farmers.Ecological space function was generally strong,but it was degraded to some extent affected by topographic conditions and the lives of farmers.Except for,the spatial suitability evaluation results of study area showed that the space area suitable for production land accounted for 56.09% of the total area,mainly large-scale and continuous distribution;the space area suitable for living land accounted for 5.59% of the total area,mainly distributed around the city center and the main traffic line of study area;the space area suitable for ecological land accounted for 38.32% of the total area,mainly based on the forest vegetation in the southwest and the natural forest distributed along the trunk line in the central and eastern regions,with high spatial continuity.From this,it can provide a reference for the specific identification of the study area development and spatial layout and optimization.(5)The application of planning principles,paths and related technical methods in the theoretical framework of village land use planning provides a good application and reference for the core process of spatial distribution and optimization of village land use.The overall process of spatial layout and optimization of village land use was as follows: Aiming at the development of the three-production integration in study area,based on the principle of adapting to local conditions and cultivating characteristics,and exerting the role of “multi-regulation”,following the planning ideas of space layout,space control and space optimization,the “three-steps” operation mode was applied,and planning results were formed including land use space,land use control space,and production-living-ecological space.In the spatial layout,firstly,land use arrangements were carried out from three aspects including land use demand,resource release,and reconstruction construction,and the use of land for various industries was clarified,to comprehensively arrange and coordinate the organization of land use;secondly,land use zones were divided to guide land use function orientation;finally,the spatial pattern of land use is optimized from the local and global space to form a preliminary spatial pattern.In the space control,the three-line boundary was initially demarcated,and the three-spaces was divided,which clarified the land use development and protection pattern,to strengthen the land use space control and achieve the rigid and flexible regulation of land use.In the space optimization,the basic pattern of production-living-ecological space was preliminarily determined,and the results of spatial suitability evaluation were introduced,implementing spatial optimization concept,to optimize the spatial pattern of production-living-ecological space and feedback control of land use.Therefrom,the above stages of the process were integrated,through repeated adjustments and comprehensive balance to achieve the results of comprehensive coordinated optimization of various types of land use,and the spatial development pattern of study area was lastly determined.(6)Implementing the benefit evaluation of village land use planning,is a necessary assess of the rationality,applicability and scientificity of the spatial layout and optimization of village land use.On the change of land use degree,the comprehensive index addition of land use degree in study area during the planning period was-1.50,the contribution rate of agricultural land use was increased by 0.4%,the contribution rate of ecological land use was increased by 1.32%,and the contribution rate of settlement construction level was reduced by 1.72%,which indicated that the planning has exerted regional characteristics,rationally arranged land use activities,not tend to build and develop,and pay more attention to the improvement of land use quality and efficiency,to realize the optimization of land use space,and promote the transformation and coordination of land use and development.On the change of ecosystem services value,the total value in study area increased by 40904.41 during the planning period,and the difference in the value of land use ecological services was not significant,which indicated that the planning as a whole conformed to the development requirements and needs of study area,and the planning made land ecosystem services value rise,grasping the cogitation of big protection and not big construction,to ensure the coordinated development of the economy,society and ecology of the study area.On the effect of production-living-ecological optimization,the structure and function of production-living-ecological space in study area have been integrated and optimized to a certain extent.In terms of production effect,the agricultural production base has been improved,the tea garden production and management methods have been transformed,and the industrial structure system has been optimized.The network density increased by 8.942 m/hm~2,the density of the trench network increased by 4.271m/hm~2,the garden landscape spread index increased by 2.285%,and the proportion of industrial construction scale increased by 18.06%.In terms of living effect,the residential space pattern was optimized,the basic and public services level and the convenience and quality of farmers' life were improved.The density of plaque in residential land decreased by 2.995/hm~2,the average nearest neighbor index decreased by 0.107,the proportion of construction scale of concentrated residential area increased by 22.36%,and the closest average distance between plaque of residential land and main road decreased by 37.97 m,the proportion of village infrastructure and public service facilities increased by 4.23%,and the proportion of mixed land construction increased by 3.14%.In terms of ecological effect,natural ecological landscape was protected,ecological corridor landscape was strengthened,and green ecological security pattern was intensified.The proportion of ecological landscape substrate increased by 1.21%,the forest cover rate increased by 0.32%,the forest landscape spread index increased by 0.762%,the number of ecological water sources increased by 17,and the ecological corridor density increased by 13.213m/hm~2.In summary,this paper discussed the basic theory and practice of village land use planning from the new situation of rural development and governance.In response to the historical needs of the village land use planning in the new era,this paper constructed a theoretical framework from the aspects of planning drive,meaning,goal,content,principle,path,etc.,answering the cognitions of “why do planning-what to do-how to do” for village land use planning,which revealed the necessity,orientation and operability of carrying out village land use planning.And through the three stages of “status analysis-planning process-benefit evaluation”,the overall process of village land use planning in typical research area was analyzed,and the pre-cognition,medium-term planning and post-evaluation process of village land use planning are analyzed in detail,which showed the application effect of planning theory and scientific nature of practice.This paper not only enriched the basic theory of village land use planning,but also provided a reference for implementing village land use planning practically and rationally. |
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