Study On The Impact Of Fiscal Subsidies And Tax Policies On The Consumption Of New Energy Passenger Vehicles

China's "twelfth five-year plan" has included the new energy vehicle industry in strategic emerging industries.Since 2009,a series of fiscal and tax policies have been introduced to promote new energy vehicles.In 2015,China became the world's largest consumer of new energy vehicles,and remarkable achievements have been made in fiscal and tax policies.Based on the analysis of the current situation of the demand end of new energy passenger vehicles in China and relevant policies,this paper firstly establishes a regression model based on the consumption data of new energy passenger vehicles from 2009 to 2018 from a macro perspective,and studies the impact of fiscal and tax policies on the consumption and consumption structure of new energy passenger vehicles.And then from the micro perspective,stand in the perspective of consumer research preferential fiscal and taxation amount will cover new energy passenger car premium produced by high prices,pick out the three performance similar to that of pure electric passenger cars,plug-in hybrid passenger cars,passenger cars,the internal combustion engine holding cost model was constructed,more new energy during 2016 to 2018,hold passenger cars with internal combustion engine passenger car three years holding costs;Finally,scenario analysis is carried out to study the trend of new energy passenger vehicle carrying costs under different scenarios.Research conclusion basically has the following three points:(1)the overall fiscal policy in new energy passenger car consumption and consumption structure has significant positive influence,from 2014 to 2018 of fiscal policy effect on new energy vehicle consumption are significant at the 1% confidence level,the impact on consumption structure significantly later than previous.On the whole,the tax policy has no significant influence on the consumption and consumption structure of new energy passenger vehicles.Only the exemption of vehicle purchase tax policy has a significant influence on the consumption of new energy passenger vehicles at the confidence level of 10%.(2)although fiscal and tax policies reduce the cost of purchasing and holding new-energy passenger cars,they are not enough to cover thehigh premium.The 3-year carrying cost of pure electric passenger cars was 63,834yuan(23.93%)higher than that of internal combustion engine passenger cars from2016 to 2018,and the plug-in hybrid passenger cars were 20,390 yuan(7.64%)higher than that of internal combustion engine passenger cars in the same period.(3)the annual depreciation rate of batteries,financial subsidies and tax incentives are the key factors affecting the carrying cost of new-energy passenger vehicles.Under the scenario of obtaining financial subsidies and tax breaks,new-energy passenger cars can only gain an advantage in carrying costs if the battery depreciation rate is as low as 8% annually.The results of the empirical study can provide some design ideas for the formulation and adjustment of new energy passenger vehicle demand side policies.First of all,we should adjust the preferential tax policies.Secondly,tax policies should be formulated for the new energy passenger car industry and its upstream and downstream industrial chain.Finally,we should improve the financial subsidy standard and consider including the battery loss rate,the rate of technological progress of enterprises and the absolute value of core power technology in the assessment standard.