Structural Analysis Of Rural Residential Forest In Xiongan New Area And Conceptual Design Of Typical Villages

Under the background of rural vitalization,the ecological environment of rural areas has attracted great attention from all walks of life.At present,the rural eco-environmental problems in China are more prominent,and the construction of the rural residential forest can not only effectively improve the rural ecological environment,but also improve rural residents' satisfaction with the living environment.Xiongan New Area,located on the northern edge of the North China Plain,is the key development area newly established in China.There are many rural settlements on the flat terrain.Therefore,the study of rural residential forest in Xiongan New Area will not only have important guiding significance for the future development of ecological construction,but also play an important practical leading role in the rural ecological construction of the whole North China Plain.Using Arc GIS software,73 villages were randomly selected based on administrative boundary vector layers.The tree canopy in rural residential areas were visually interpreted based on true color aerial images(from July to September 2016,resolution of 0.5 m,after ortho-correction).From July to August 2018,the field survey were carried out in 30 villages in which the tree canopy were interpreted.The tree species,forestry constructure,and questionnaires were conducted as well.The main conclusions were as follows:(1)Community structure analysis of rural residential forest in typical villages of Xiongan New AreaBased on the field survey of 30 typical villages in Xiongan New Area,the results showed that there were 48 species of plants belonging to 39 genera and 23 families.Among them,Populus tomentosa Carrière.was in an absolute dominant position,accounting for 85.11% in the number of woody plants.This result showed that the species diversity of rural residential forest in this area was low.With regard to the ecotype composition,deciduous species accounted for 89.58%,and evergreen only species accounted for 10.42%.The number of Populus tomentosa Carrière.,Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.,Ulmus pumila L.,Toona sinensis(A.Juss.)Roem.,Sophora japonica Linn.,Ziziphus jujuba Mill.,Diospyros kaki Thunb.,Juglans regia.,Salix matsudana Koidz and Punica granatum L.were relatively dominant,ranking in the top 10.From the point of view of different functional zoning units,fast-growing economic forests were the main species,and the dominant species were Populus tomentosa Carrière.,Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.and Ulmus pumila L.From the frequency of tree species application,Populus tomentosa Carrière.,Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.,Ulmus pumila L.,Toona sinensis(A.Juss.)Roem.,Sophora japonica Linn.,Diospyros kaki Thunb.and Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.were applied in every investigated rural residential area.(2)Tree canopy analysis of rural residential forest in Xiongan New AreaThe average tree canopy ratio of 73 selected villages in Xiongan New Area was 17.16%and most of rural settlements were mainly in low and medium tree canopy ratio levels(34.25%?38.36%).According to the type of rural residential forest,the percentage of the forest around the village and the massive forest inside the village were the largest,while that of the recreation forests was the lowest.In terms of the three primary eco-functional areas of Xiongan New Area,the tree canopy ratio was the highest(17.58%)in the ecological protective zone,and that was the lowest in the ecological quality improvement zone(15.87%).Among the five administrative divisions,the tree canopy ratio of Rongcheng County and Renqiu City were higher than the average level of Xiongan total new area,23.11% and 21.12% respectively,while Xiongxian County,Anxin County and Gaoyang County were 14.79%,16.12% and12.98% respectively.According to the analysis of natural villages,60.27% of rural settlements were below the average level,so it was necessary to strengthen the construction of rural residential forest.The analysis of landscape patch level showed that the total area of small patches level was the smallest,accounting for only 0.50% of the total patch area and that of huge patches level was the largest,more than half of the total tree canopy area,accounting for56.64%.(3)Tree canopy structure analysis of rural residential forest in typical villages of Xiongan New AreaThe tree canopy ratio declined in rural residential areas with short construction time in the three villages types.The average tree canopy of old villages was 29.17%,followed by traditional villages was 17.72%,and the average tree canopy of new villages was only 13.73%.The difference of dominant tree species among the three types of villages was small,and they were mainly ecologically and economically productive trees.Viewed from the type of forest composition,the forest around the village of ancient villages accounted for a large proportion(52.94%);secondly,the massive forest inside the village accounted for 22.58%;courtyard forests and road forests accounted for 9.91% and 10.81% respectively;and the recreation forests only accounted for 0.02% of the total,which was the smallest.There was no recreation forests in traditional villages,and the proportion of the forest around the village was also the highest(40.92%).The situation of new villages was slightly different,among which the proportion of water bank forests was the highest,40.73%,followed by the forest around the villages,accounting for 26.12%.(4)Questionnaire survey of rural residential forest in Xiongan New Area and conceptual design of typical villagesSurvey results of willingness to construct rural residential forests showed that the vast majority of residents wanted to green courtyards and village roads,the approval rates reaching61.9% and 83.33% respectively.As for the greening form,45.24% of villagers liked the scattered and consistent plant landscape,and 44.05% of villagers hoped to build parks for physical exercise.On the basis of questionnaire survey,we selected Wangzhuangzi village in ecological protective zone,Dayin village in the ecological quality improvement zone and Beima village in the ecological protective zone to carry out the conceptual design of typical villages.