Research On The Cooperation And Competition Of Ports In The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

With the acceleration of economic globalization and the emergence of shipping alliances,China’s coastal ports are faced with fierce homogenization competition,but also seek cooperation to improve their competitiveness in the international shipping market.Under this background,a comprehensive research model of port competition and cooperation relationship and a model of port scale development with competition and cooperation relationship has been established.Besides an empirical study on the port group in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area based on these models is carried out.Firstly,this paper solves the competition coefficient of direct and inland hinterland,cooperation coefficient of airline and capital respectively,constructs the research model of port co-cooperation relationship by social network analysis method,and analyzes the structure of relationship network from three aspects: the overall structure,the centrality of the nodes,and the aggregation subgroup.Based on the study of port clusters in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area,it is found that:(1)The competition between ports at the same level in the bay area is more intense,and the cooperation between ports at different levels is closer.(2)In addition,Whether direct hinterland or inland hinterland competition,a four-corner structure of "Guang Zhou port – Shen Zhen port-Hong Kong port – Dong Guan port" has been formed.(3)In route cooperation,two major routes have been formed,which are "Guang Zhou port – Zhu Hai port – Fo Shan port-Zhao Qing port – Jiang Men port-Dong guan port" and "Shen Zhen port-Hong Kong – Zhong Shan port – Hui Zhou port".(4)In capital cooperation,Shen Zhen port and Guang Zhou port are the "core" of cooperation network.Secondly,this paper constructs two ports and multiple ports scale evolution models under the effect of co-cooperation relationship,and discusses the rules of co-cooperation relations.Based on the study of port clusters in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area,it is found that:(1)In the cargo throughput market,the competition between the same level ports has a greater impact on their scale,while the cooperation between cross-level ports has a greater impact on their scale.(2)In the container throughput market,the influence of co-cooperation between same level ports is quite different,and the competition influence of cross-level ports is significantly improved compared with that of cargo throughput,indicating that the container throughput market is more competitive,and the competitive relationship has a stronger blocking effect on the large-scale ports.