| In recent years,China’s rapid development has shifted from cities to small towns and villages.In the past few decades,the development of small towns and villages has been in the process of uncontrolled urbanization.Especially in the small towns with history and culture,under the double effects of historical factors and development requirements,they present an old performance but not real old,and are often labeled as "archaize".Fenghuang ancient town in Zhashui of Shaanxi Province is a typical representative.It was selected as the fifth batch of Historic Towns of China in 2010.Small towns with history and culture like this are developing in an unhealthy direction under the guidance of some abnormal urbanization process.There are many practical problems,such as living environment,traffic organization,monomer from,technology and equipment,etc.,as well as the problems of the disappearance of Collective Memory,the change of Spirit of Place and the typology of buildings.Rossi Typology is an effective way to solve these problems.It is based on historical building forms,special fragments and outlines,so it is widely used in the protection and renewal of Italian architectural heritage,and extended to the construction of new buildings.The main method is to reorganize these segments and contours,and to realize the stability of urban spatial order,as well as the permanence and continuity of buildings in the city through the application of type selection and type conversion.Therefore,the author takes Rossi Typology as the theoretical basis for design and exploration to solve the practical and typological problems of Fenghuang ancient town,which is specifically divided into three chapters,namely,organization,courtyard and monomer.In the organization,from the perspective of urban texture type,the paper analyzes Fenghuang ancient town,and obtains three types of urban texture in Fenghuang ancient town,i.e.compound texture type,compound texture continuation type and other texture types.Through the four processes of plot subdivision,road organization,building combination and building layout in the settlement form,the waterfront design presents radial architectural layout.In the courtyard,we take the Spirit of Place and eternity and commemoration discussed by Rossi as wisdom,dig out the thinking of courtyard design,preliminarily classify the courtyard of Fenghuang ancient town,classify it according to the space form of the courtyard,find out the valuable elements of the courtyard,then extract the residential prototype of Fenghuang ancient town,deduce a building shape around the middle courtyard and sum up the response of the final courtyard form to eternity and history.In the monomer,we extract the wisdom of Rossi’s poetic existence of residence,memorial building and history,and dig out the thinking of architectural design,and extract four types of elements,namely,the space under the slope roof and eaves,the Horsehead wall,the loft space and the door panel form.Then we apply these four types of elements to the design exploration,and summarize the final architectural monomer form and prototype response the poetic existence of history.At the end of the article,the author puts forward three design strategies for new buildings in small towns from the perspective of typology,which are: protecting the local eternal characteristics and collective memory,shaping the local Spirit of Place and giving consideration to both forms and functions,working to solve the problem of historical fracture in Fenghuang Ancient Town,and continuing the old collective memory.The three strategies are not only for Fenghuang ancient town,but also for the famous historical and cultural town like it.Because the time and location of Rossi determines that his theory has a positive impact on the protection and renewal of all historical buildings.The ancient town built under this strategy will become the "Collective Memory" of local residents,and will always exist in the long history,and build a unique local Spirit of Place. |
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