Exploration Of The Translation Of Residential Units In Fenghuang Ancient Town Based On The Protection Of The Original Latent Structure

China’s rural cities and towns have undergone radical changes,profoundly changing their buildings and settlement structures.After rural settlements in semi-urbanized areas have undergone self-urbanization and non-cultural filling of cultural relics,being called"historical and cultural towns"has added another major threat^[1].As shown in the ancient town of Zhashui Phoenix,this new label attracts standardized tourism and commercial development projects,while the common large-scale,rapid,and simplified antique development model neglects to protect the geographical elements,buildings,and residences in the existing overall form of the ancient town.The historical imprints behind the structure,farmland division methods and other forms eliminate the deep morphological order of the entire settlement and the true characteristics of the rural landscape.Morphological typology theory is an important tool used by the Italian morphological school in the study of traditional towns.The research on historical stratification originated from the theory of urban morphology of the Conzen School in the middle of the last century.It proposes various periods in the development of cities.The historical imprint of is also accumulated in it,and the result of a series of time-sliced spatial combinations is the historical stratification.The application of this cognitive method to the protection of built heritage gives us a cognitive perspective similar to archaeology to re-understand the structure of built heritage and lay a foundation for exploring its deep primitive potential structure.This potential structure establishes an organic framework and spatial organization form,which is of great significance for accurately guiding the current protection,strengthening and development of ancient towns.The research in this article is based on the research of Professor Laura pezzetti’s team on the ancient town of Phoenix during the 2019 Xi’an University of Architecture and Politecnico di Milano work camp and the team’s revealing of the potential radial structure,as well as the relevant research results during the work camp,and further selections In-depth design of typical plots,conceiving a coherent design strategy,summarizing specific design methods for three different scenarios,making the layered space formed by the intertwined buildings of different ages clear and readable,and finally proposed a comparison of the traditional list of Fengzhen The updated method of translating the traditional residential houses.The first part is to conduct on-site investigation and collection of related documents on the historical streets and key cultural preservation buildings in Fengzhen,and interpret its cultural relics protection plan and regulatory detailed planning,and deeply analyze its value as a"historical and cultural town"And predicament.The second part summarizes and sorts out the reasons behind the morphological changes of the ancient town from its origin to the contemporary era.According to the changes in the dominant influencing factors of the ancient town’s morphological changes in each period,it is mainly divided into five periods from the origin of the ancient town to the present.Draw a"speculative typological map"for each stage,and analyze the four existing building types on the site.The third part summarizes the overall protection and renewal strategy of the ancient town based on the potential structural line order in the site revealed by the team of Professor Laura pezzetti.Select a typical radial plot and rewrite the architecture,public space and historical landscape of Fenghuang Ancient Town through the design method of embedding,covering and filling.The fourth part,based on the discovery of the potential structure,through the extraction of several elements in the traditional dwellings in the ancient town,discusses the translation methods in the aspects of horse head wall,courtyard space and attic space,and carries out the translation and renewal design for the single dwellings.Among them,part of the drawings and research results of the second and third parts were completed by the author under the guidance of Professor Laura pezzetti during his participation in the Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology-Milan Polytechnic University dual degree project.This paper studies the ancient town of Phoenix in Zhashui County as an example.Based on the related research on historical stratification in Italian urban morphology typology,through the analysis of the evolution of the ancient town’s spatial morphology,it sorts out and summarizes the development process and dominant influence factors of the ancient town’s spatial morphology.Based on the protection and inheritance of the original potential structure of the ancient town,summarize the renewal strategy on the overall form of the ancient town,and select typical plots for design,and finally the translation and renewal method on the single level,in order to live in the same type of historical and cultural villages and towns.The translation update of the unit provides a certain degree of reference and guidance.