A Quantitative Research On The Evolution Of Urban Spatial Form In Harbin(1898—1945)

At the beginning of September 19th century,under the macro-background of western hegemony,strong invasion of western civilization and forced modernization of China,Harbin,located in the north of China,took the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway as an opportunity,rapidly rose from a frontier village to an internationally renowned metropolis with the emergence and development of its city.The exhibition was largely accompanied by railway construction and earlier urban planning activities.With the continuous expansion of the city,the spatial structure of the city is constantly adjusted under the guidance of urban planning to adapt to the changes of natural and social environment,and finally formed a unique spatial pattern in the first half of the 20th century.Therefore,the urban planning of Harbin in the first half of the 20th century shaped the basic form of urban space from top to bottom,and the political,economic and social factors in this period played different roles in urban space,and exerted considerable influence on the evolution of urban material space.The purpose of this paper is to use the quantitative analysis method to carry out an in-depth interpretation and analysis of the evolution background,expansion stage,influencing factors,and outline shape of the city,and the internal space structure of the city.The evaluation method summarizes the overall evolution characteristics of Harbin’s urban spatial form.First of all,this article sorts out the evolution of Harbin urban space morphology and staged the evolution of Harbin urban space.Based on the analysis of the different factors affecting the evolution of urban spatial form,the dominant characteristics of urban spatial form under different influencing factors are summarized,and the influencing factors are coupled to divide the stages of urban spatial form evolution.The division results are divided into four periods:according to the primordial period of rail city construction(1898-1907),the development period of international commercial ports(1907-1917),the expansion period of filling in and filling out(1917-1932),and the strategic integration period of pseudo-man(1932-1945).Secondly,the paper analyzes the external contour shape of the city,and uses quantitative methods to deeply analyze the evaluation indicators such as the city’s expansion speed,expansion intensity,and expansion direction.During this period,the related construction of cities and railways and the early 20th century The influx of refugees from home and abroad has accelerated the expansion of urban land.The city has expanded mainly from north to west,and the overall shape has evolved from a "horizontal" along the railway to a "mass".Finally,using spatial syntax to quantitatively analyze the internal space structure of the city during each period,it is found that Harbin Railway Station is the main factor that promotes urban spatial integration.In addition,the construction and use of the railway greatly affected the division and integration of urban space.During the Russian occupation period,political factors determined the characteristics and evolution of Harbin’s urban spatial pattern.During the Japanese Occupation,the identity of the city based on railway relations and political strategies changed.Urban construction created more opportunities for commercial activities.This was in line with Japan’s intention to occupy,operate Harbin,and make it a Beiman economic center.The position of the largest industrial and commercial city in the northern part of Manchuria is the same.In summary,this paper takes the urban spatial form of Harbin as the research object.Through the methods of literature research,quantitative analysis,evaluation index and spatial syntax,it comprehensively discusses and summarizes the evolution of urban spatial form of Harbin.In order to make people have a clear understanding of the evolution of urban spatial form in Harbin from a new point of view with scientific and rigorous quantitative model.At the same time,it also provides a reference for the systematic study of urban spatial morphology of Neharbin in this period,and has a certain reference significance.