A Study On "Cultural Field" Of Traditional Settlements In Chongqing

Chongqing is located in the southeastern margin of sichuan basin,mainly karst topography,dense river network,long civilization,the history of a number of long history,continue to the present.Especially since the Ming and qing dynasties,a large number of immigrants from other provinces entered sichuan,and the economy of chongqing region,which had suffered from wars and wars,recovered rapidly,and its culture increasingly integrated and prosperous.At present,there are 6 historical and cultural districts,20 areas with traditional features,18 famous towns with Chinese history and culture,28 famous towns with municipal history and culture,and 74 traditional Chinese villages.Traditional settlements in chongqing are determined by the characteristics of their living environment.Based on the long-term historical and cultural composition of the social form,the geographical spatial distribution law created in the specific topography and landform is also a special form of human settlement presented by the use and transformation of nature.At present,with the intensification of China’s social transformation,especially the impact of tourism development,traditional settlements are facing the crisis of cultural diversity and disappearance of local characteristics.This book hopes to explore the possibility of preserving and developing the diversity of traditional settlements in chongqing by revealing its generating principle.The cultural control of history and culture over the regional pattern of traditional settlements in chongqing has formed three different cultural circles: bashu cultural circle,three gorges cultural circle and tujia cultural circle.The main cultural control forces influencing the pattern of river basins: 1.Historical migration routes,2.Land resource distribution,3.Traffic and trade activities,4.Religion and folk belief.The spatial structure of settlements in river basin pattern: villages,primary market towns,middle market towns and central market towns.The historical origin and cultural control of settlements are to establish the social structure system among settlements and to shape the settlement documents.The main elements of the transformation: at the regional level,the cultural system and immigrant culture of bashu were formed under the influence of historical sources and flows.System and tujia culture system;At the river basin level,economic and cultural activities construct settlements Hierarchical relationships between regiments;Within the settlements,cultural control forces influence the spatial pattern of settlements through institutions and organizations And function,produced a series of characteristic cultural Spaces such as immigration hall,defense castle.The cultural element is another component of the structural element inside the settlement.The people in each traditional settlement are cultural elements based on blood relationship,combining courtyards,buildings,settlements and groups to form a system.Institutions have a profound impact on local communities.The relationship of cultural elements is the fulcrum of chongqing traditional settlement system.The economic factor is one of the elements of the settlement system.Different economic models affect the spatial distribution of functions and the form of settlements.The agriculture-oriented economic model takes land resources as the dominant element,which determines the economic relationship of agglomeration.The tourism economic model makes the settlements break away from the constraint of land and take traffic conditions as the dominant factor,which determines the spatial distribution of the settlement center,which will lead to the radical change of the traditional settlement form."Social lifestyle" is the most basic element to determine the social and cultural form of traditional settlements in chongqing.The variation(or assimilation)of life style will definitely cause the change of social form,which means that the environment of traditional settlements in chongqing will definitely undergo a series of changes."Social system" is the core part of traditional settlement mechanism in chongqing.In the specific social life form of the local people,there are mutual relations and interdependent relations based on blood relationship.This relationship is based on the individual’s social role and its transformation.Social relations are the vitality of social life in traditional settlements in chongqing."Social structure" is the backbone of social forms in traditional settlements in chongqing.The structural characteristics of each part of chongqing traditional settlement society are the "skeleton" of social form and the energy exchange point.It is the structure of the present society that distinguishes it from other societies.Maintaining this form of structure is the fulcrum of chongqing’s traditional settlement environment."Social function" is the internal operating mechanism of traditional settlement environment in chongqing.Studying the social function of traditional social and cultural elements in chongqing can reveal the realization,inheritance and change process of specific social life in the living environment.This process is actually the operating mechanism of the social aspects of human settlements.This paper applies cultural anthropology and the model theory of stegania to solve the problem of the single value orientation of the protection of traditional settlements in mountainous areas of chongqing,and puts forward an analysis of the generation,focus and impact of the disappearance of cultural control force on the settlement space from the perspective of multi-elements and multi-dimensions of culture.This paper analyzes the influence of human activities on social development and change,forms the spatial theory of "cultural field" of traditional settlements in chongqing mountains,and finally provides reference for the protection of traditional settlements in chongqing mountains.