Research On The Impact Of High-Speed Railway On The Agglomeration Of Urban Elements Along The Line Based On PSM-DID Model

The emergence and development of transportation is the basic premise for the flow of regional factors,and the emergence of high-speed rail has changed the transportation pattern and brought huge economic effects to the development of cities along the route.In the context of the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed rail construction era in China,the formation of the high-speed rail network has improved the location conditions of cities,improved the connectivity between cities,and promoted the rapid flow of economic factors between regions.This article will take the Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed rail as the research object,systematically analyze the impact mechanism and size of the high-speed rail opening on the agglomeration of urban elements along the route,and further discuss the promotion of high-speed rail construction and the coordinated development of regional economy.This article first summarizes the relevant research results of domestic and foreign scholars from three aspects: high-speed rail and regional development,factor agglomeration and measurement methods.Secondly,at the theoretical level,a mechanism framework for the impact of high-speed rail on factor agglomeration is constructed from two perspectives,direct and indirect.Combining with actual cases at home and abroad,the unbalanced impact of high-speed rail on different cities is proposed.Finally,at the empirical level,taking the Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed rail as an example,by introducing the propensity score matching method,the cities along the high-speed rail are matched with a common control group.Then this paper builds a multi-period double difference model to accurately estimate the size and direction of the impact of high-speed rail on the three elements of capital,labor,and technology.It further discusses the marginal dynamic effect of time change and the heterogeneity effect of cities of different sizes.The results were tested with placebo and piecewise parallel hypothesis.The research in this paper found that:(1)The construction of high-speed rail improves transportation capacity and improves the investment environment of transportation infrastructure.At the same time,through time and space compression,it improves accessibility,reduces transaction costs,strengthens factor integration effects,and optimizes industrial structure.(2)The years of opening of high-speed rail in cities along the Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed rail are different,and there are differences in the impact on different factors.The influence of Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed rail on capital factors presents an inverted N-type change.When the high-speed rail is opened for a certain year,this kind of change gradually weakens with time,driving the diffusion of capital factors.However,there is no significant impact on the labor force and technical elements in the early stage of the high-speed rail opening.With the extension of time,it gradually shows a positive and significant positive impact,indicating that there is a time-lag effect on the impact of high-speed rail on labor and technical factors.(3)The impact of Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed rail on different factors is heterogeneous among cities of different sizes.The impact of high-speed rail on large cities is significant,but the impact on small and medium-sized cities is weak or insignificant,indicating that it has a significant siphon effect on small and medium-sized cities.