Research On Lightweight Of Body Frame Of Electric Bus

As global automobile production,sales and ownership continue to increase year by year,the energy crisis and environmental pollution problems intensify,automobile lightweighting has gradually become the focus of attention of major car companies.As the most important part of body design,lightweighting is of great significance to the sustainable development of the automobile industry,and it is also an inevitable trend of future automobile development.Electric buses are the main public transportation for people to travel daily.They use electric energy as the power source to avoid air pollution caused by exhaust emissions,and are more environmentally friendly than traditional fuel-fuel buses.However,the durability of batteries and the lagging of charging infrastructure have restricted the development of electric buses to some extent.The lightweight design of automobiles is used to reduce the weight and production cost of electric buses,to achieve the purpose of extending the charging life of batteries,and to improve the endurance of electric buses.At present,automobile lightweight methods are mainly divided into lightweight materials,structural optimization and advanced manufacturing processes.In the field of engineering,the analysis and optimization of structures are mainly based on the finite element method.After half a century of development,the use of the finite element method has become more and more extensive,and the increasingly mature computer technology has promoted the finite element method.The application of analysis methods in the automotive field,such as automobile body statics analysis,dynamics analysis,and optimization design in the research and development stage.In this paper,for the purpose of lightweighting electric buses,based on the finite element method combined with the finite element analysis software ANSA and ANSYS Workbench,the three-dimensional model of the electric vehicle bus body framework actually developed by the enterprise is used for research.Simplify and modify the structure of the three-dimensional body skeleton model,omitting the structural features in the body structure that have little effect on the performance of the vehicle;then use the ANSA software to perform partial centering and meshing on the three-dimensional body skeleton model of the electric bus Work,get the finite element model of the bus frame;finally use the ANSYS Workbench software to perform static analysis and modal analysis on the finite element model to obtain the stress of the electric bus under full load,torsion,emergency braking and emergency turning conditions And displacement clouds,as well as the natural frequencies of the car ’s skeleton structure.According to the analysis results,the optimization plan for the research object is proposed to make the body structure design more reasonable,and at the same time to achieve the purpose of reducing research and development costs and lightweighting.In this paper,the lightweight design of the car firstly optimizes the structure of the car body top frame according to the design experience of the previous engineers,and then optimizes and improves the chassis structure based on the local topology.Finally,the analysis and verification of the improved vehicle body structure show that: under the premise of meeting the rigidity and stability of the electric bus body skeleton,the total mass of the improved and optimized electric vehicle body skeleton is reduced by 5.02%,reaching the electric bus The purpose of lightweighting.At the same time,the weak links of the local rigidity and strength of the body frame are reasonably and effectively strengthened,and the areas with excessive local rigidity and strength are reasonably improved.It proves the feasibility of the topology optimization scheme and provides a design reference for the lightweight research of this electric bus.