Research On Spatial Scale Evolution Of Hutong In Beijing Old City

Hutong and courtyard are an indispensable part of Beijing old city,Hutong-Courtyard spatial form that has been preserved in history also constitutes an essential space element symbol in the spatial pattern of Beijing old city.Since the Yuan Dynasty,Beijing Hutong has undergone more than 700 years of development and evolution to form the current Hutong style and spatial form.Studying the evolution of Hutong spatial scale and discovering its evolution law have important reference significance for Beijing Hutong style restoration and environment renovation.This paper is divided into three parts,the first part mainly traces the development history of Hutong in Beijing old city,explores the development process of Hutong in the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Republic of China and after the founding of the People's Republic of China.And then this paper analyzes the influence of various factors such as society,politics,economy,population on the development and evolution of Hutong in different periods.The second part mainly analyzes Hutong spatial scale,extracts the constituent elements of Hutong spatial scale.Based on the maps of Beijing old city in different periods,this paper compares and analyzes the figure-ground relation diagram of three Hutong areas of Xisi north,Nanluoguxiang and Dongsi,and summarizes the characteristics of Hutong spatial scale in each period.Then this paper explores the evolution law of Hutong spatial scale and its influence factors.The third part mainly combines with author's project practice,takes Zhuanta Hutong as the research object,and analyzes the current characteristics and problems of Zhuanta Hutong spatial scale.Finally,this paper puts forward some suggertions to improve today's Hutong spatial scale.In the context of the overall protection of Beijing old city today,the improvement of Hutong spatial scale should mainly start from three aspects: environment renovation,interface modification and traffic space optimization.Only by doing these and more can we improve the quality of Hutong space,restore the traditional style of Hutong,and create the atmosphere of old Beijing Hutong.