| Coprinus atramentarizus(BulL)Fr.,commonly known as willow mushroom or common ink acp,is a kind of wild mushroom found in Asia,Europe,and north America.Like many ink caps,it grows in tufts,with grey-brown caps initially bell-shaped before opening and flattening and disintegrating.C.atramentarius is a representative species among Coprinus genus.Nowadays,it has become a hot research topic at our country and abroad.C.atramentarius has long been in the wild state,has not be artificially cultivated.This paper made C.atramentarius as test materials,which was from Baoshan town,Huarou district,Beijing,studied the best mother culture conditions and used different cultivation ways to find the best artificial cultivation way.Except that,this study observed the morphological characteristics of mycelia,fruitbodies and spores.Meanwhile,we also analyzed and measured nutrition components of wild and artificially fruit bodies,which might be useful for the domestication and cultivation researches of C.atramentarius.The main results can be summarized as follows.(1)C.atramentarius mycelia was nonseptate hypha and had branching mycelia.Clamp connection can be observed.The morphological characteristics of' wild fruit bodies and artificially fruit bodies were nearly the same,they grew in tufts,with grey-brown caps,initially bell-shaped before opening and flattening and disintegrating.Wild fruit bodies were covered with pale brown scales,but artificially fruit bodies were offwhite without any scales.C.atramentarius spores were oval shaped spheres with a dark brown color,full of cell contents and had typical umbilical point.No significant difference between one spore and another spore.(2)The results indicated that the best carbon sources of C.atramentarius N-1 was glucose + corn flour.The best nitrogen source was peptone.When Catramentarius N-1 was cultured on PDA with additional corn flour extract,its mycelium could grow among the scope of pH5-pH10,the optimum pH was pH9.C.atramentarius N-1mycelium could grow when temperature ranged from 13? to 29?,The optimum temperature was 25?,So,C.atramentarus N-1 was one kind of basophilous,middle-low temperature edible fungus.The best mycelia cultural medium was the semi-synthetic cultural medium based on PDA with additional corn flour extract.The best protospecies medium were(cottonseed hull70%,wheat bran18%,corn flour5%,gypsum 1%,lime3%,sawdust3%)and(wood shavings.37%,cottonseed hull33%,wheat bran18%,corn flour5%,gypsum 1%,line3%,sawdust3%).This two formula could be used as expand cultivated formula.Consequently,we can choose cottonseed hull and wood shavings as main culture materials.(3)The study find out the fruit body of C.atramentarius can form only after being cased by soil.There were greater differences in biological efficiency,fruiting time and yield among the different casting ways.45-55 days later,C.atramentarius mycelium formed primordia,fruit body can be harvested after 10 days.Biological efficiency of the first fruiting can be up to 40%,C.atramentarius can from fruit body three or four times under suitable conditions.C.atramentarius cultivation temperature should control among the scope of 8?29?,humidity should ranged from 75%to 90%.(4)C.atramentarius was rich in nutrients,contained fiber,polysaccharide,protein and other essential nutrients.The results showed that C.atramentarius consisted of 18 common amino acids at least,and included 8 essential amino acids that are required in human body.It was a good source of Valine.Meanwhile,C.atramentarius also contained a variety of essential mineral elements.For example,K and Mg were relatively more abundant,more than 6000mg/100g and 200mg/100g respectively. |
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