Breeding Techniques And Quality Studies Of Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger

Objective: To provide theoretical basis for the artificial cultivation and the reasonable control of material quality.We investigated the ecological characteristics and the distribution of Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger,studied seed propagation and cutting propagation of Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger,detected active components and metal elements contents of market sold Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger and understood Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger medicinal quality status in the market.Methods: The field survey or searching literatures were obtained by investigating the growth environment and distribution of Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger.The dissecting microscopes,microscopes and conventional production techniques were used to study the morphological characteristics and microstructure characteristics of roots,stems,and leaves.The characteristics of seeds and pollen were observed by using a microscope and scanning electron microscope.We could study the survival rate of seed propagation and cuttings of leaves and stems by controlling the temperature,light,matrix and hormone treatment in the incubator.The n-hexane was used to extract fat-soluble substances by Soxhlet extractor.Based on the methyl esterification process,the fatty acids were measured by GC-MS.The contents of quercetin and kaempferol were obtained by using HPLC and metal element contents were measured by using ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma.The statistics were analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS statistical software.Results: Although the distribution range of Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger is wide,its growth environment is relatively strict,root distribution is delicate,shallow,and not having obvious main root.For implementation of artificial cultivation,the growth condition is relatively difficult to simulate,which is the fundamental reason that it has not yet been cultivated widely.Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger is a biennial herb.The annual plant is in the shape of a rosette,and the rosette leaves are linear in shape.The second draw stem and form an inflorescence,leaves alternate,linear to lanceolate.Racemes,5 petals,10 stamens,anther is purple.The epidermal cells of the annual plant roots were micro-corticulased,the cork layer was a series of decadent cells,the shape was irregular,the cortex was narrow,the phloem ray was obvious,the screens were distributed in groups,the bast fibers were developed;the secondary xylem was archetype,unmyelinated.The root epidermal cells of the two-year-old plant were microembolized;the cork layer was a series of decadent cells;the secondary xylem was broader.The biennial cross-section of plant stems includes epidermis,cortex,vascular tissue and pith.The outer layer is one layer of epidermal cells;the cortex accounts for about two-thirds of the radius of the stem;the layer forms a ring;the pith is larger.The upper and lower epidermis of leaf were irregular polygonal monolayer cells with stomata,which were typical inequalities.Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger can be used for seed propagation,and it can also be propagated using cuttings from leaves and stems.The seed germination of Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger is basically free from restriction of dormancy.Within the temperature of 15°C to 25°C,as long as the water supply is sufficient,the germination rate,germination potential and germination index increase along with increasing temperature,but when the temperature reaches 30°C,the seed germination rate,germination potential and germination index all began to decrease significantly.Therefore,the optimum germination temperature of Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger should be about 25°C.Due to the small size,the seedlings grow slowly when sexually propagated,and with the addition of biennial plants,the yield of medicinal herb is very low.The use of leaf or stem for cutting propagation,rooting rate and survival rate can reach up to 80%,and basically can be rooted in about 6 days,indicating that the cuttings of leaves or stem segments can survive and root faster.The survival rate of stem cuttings was higher than that of leaf cuttings.Temperature,hormone treatment and matrix.All have impacts on the survival rate of cuttings.The optimum cutting temperature scope was 25°C to 30°C.Both the rooting powder and 200mg/L NAA treatment could obtain high survival rate.The combination of vermiculite,river sand and mixed soil(1:1:1)was the appropriate substrate for cutting.A total of 24 liposoluble components were detected from the hexane extracts and 20 species were identified,including fatty acids,esters,alkanes,and ketones.Among them,there are 14 kinds of fatty acids,which accounting for 58.19% of the identified total components.The higher contents of fatty acids are palmitic acid(7.017%),linoleic acid(19.72%),linolenic acid(8.913%),and stearic acid(11.60%),tetracosanoic acid(3.045%)and oleic acid(2.470%).Di-n-octyl phthalate(22.40%)is the main liposoluble component.In 18 batches of Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger samples,there were great differences in the contents of quercetin and kaempferol,of which 8 batches of samples did not meet the content requirements of the pharmacopoeia.The content of quercetin was positively correlated with the contents of powder L*,a*,b*,c*,h*.The content of kaempferol was negative related with the contents of powder L*,b*,c*,h*,and it was positively related with a*.And the content of kaempferol was significantly negatively correlated with h*(P<0.01),and positively correlated with a*(P<0.05);the total content was positively correlated with L*,a*,b*,c*.There was a negative correlation with h* and a very significant positive correlation with a*(P<0.01)and a significant negative correlation with h*(P<0.05).In 18 batches of samples,the Ba content was 111-269 mg/kg,the Cd content was 1.35-2.83 mg/kg,the Co content was 3-26 mg/kg,the Cr content was 64-898 mg/kg,and the Cu content was 0-74.34 mg/kg,Se content was 0-3 mg/kg,Sr content was 227-725 mg/kg,and Zn content was 72.1-131.96 mg/kg.There are significant differences between the different batches of Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger.Conclusion: The ecological characteristics and distribution of Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger were well understood,the technology system of seed propagation,cutting and propagation of leaves and stems were established.The contents of quercetin,kaempferol,Ba,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Se,Sr,Zn and other 8 metal elements in the market were determined.The contents of eight metal elements such as Cu,Se,Sr,and Zn were examined.It indicated that the contents of different batches of herbs were varied greatly;the content of quercetin and kaempferol had significant correlation with the powder color of herbs;Di-n-octyl dicarboxylate(22.40%)was the most important component in the normal butane extract and was first detected in the plant of Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger.Therefore,it has laid a solid foundation for the artificial introduction and breeding of Orostachys Fimbriatus Berger and its quality control.