Study On Germplasm Innovation Of Cold-tolerant And Seedless Grapes By Embryo Rescue

Most seedless grapes belong to Eurasia species,good quality,but poor cold resistance,in the cold winter environment is prone to frostbite.Our country has abundant cold-resistant wild grape resources,the combination of cold-resistant and seedless grape by hybridization,using embryo rescue technology to obtain new germplasm.In this study,30 wild grape resources and 24 different grape varieties were used as experimental materials.By means of artificial low temperature simulation experiment,the physiological response of grape branches at low temperature was studied,and a comprehensive evaluation method of cold resistance was established.The effect factors such as different parent hybrid combinations,the type of successive culture medium and the development of isolated young embryo into seedling transplanting were analyzed to further improve the efficiency of embryo rescue.The hybrid seedlings were selected by molecular marker,which provided a new reference material for the breeding of cold-tolerant seedless grapes.The main results are as follows:(1)We has collected 30 wild cold resistant grape resources and divided them into two types according to the morphological characteristics.By establishing the resource nurseries,the safe preservation of the Wild Grape Germplasm resources is completed.(2)A comprehensive evaluation method of cold resistance of different grape varieties was established.The cold resistance of 24 grape varieties was different,the order of strength was:Shuangfeng,RiverBank No.10,Shuangyou,Shanhe No.1,Beichun,Jiangxian,Beta,Wuhe Cuibao,5BB,Beibinghong,Lihongbao,Jinghongbao,Jingya,Red Global,Hutai No.8,SO4,Zaokangbao,Zaoheibao,Wanheibao,Qiuhongbao,Ziti,Summer Black,Ruby Seedless,Vitoria.(3)The hybrid parents had a great influence on the efficiency of embryo rescue.The rate of embryo formation reached 13.7%and 13.8%when the Ruby Seedless was hybridized to the female parent,while the rate of embryo formation was only 1.3%and 0%when the crystal red treasure was used as the female parent.Beibinghong as male parent,embryo formation rate were 14.2%,13.7%and 0,and Shanhe No.l as male parent,respectively 1.3%,1.5%,6.6%and 13.8%.(4)The early selection of some embryos to save seedlings was made by chromosome number and molecular marker technique.Four seedless plants and two cold tolerance plants were identified from 13 plants in the combination of rubies:Ruby Seedless x Beibinghong and Lihongbao × Shanhe No.1.A triploid strain was identified from Zaoheibao × Ruby Seedless hybrids.