Comparative Analysis Of Freshwater Fish Culture Efficiency In China

Freshwater fish farming in China is developing rapidly.There are more than 800 kinds of freshwater fish,of which carp species account for 1/2 of the total species,gill species second,accounting for 1/4 of the total species.However,the current freshwater fish farming in China is still a extensive development mode at the cost of resource consumption and environmental pollution,which has restricted the healthy and lasting development of freshwater aquaculture industry.Freshwater aquaculture industry under natural resources conditions can not bear the overexploitation of traditional ways,and the carrying capacity of environment and resources has exceeded the upper limit.History has stood at the historic opportunity of structural transformation and upgrading of freshwater aquaculture supply side.It has become inevitable to drive the development of high-quality freshwater fish aquaculture industry with scientific and technological innovation,change the extensive development mode of freshwater aquaculture industry at the cost of consuming resources and polluting the environment,and ultimately achieve the goal of high-quality,high-efficiency and sustainable development.According to the survey data of the income and expenditure of 10,000 fishermen provided by the Ministry of Agriculture,this study analyzed 10,000 middle-freshwater fishermen,and subdivided them according to the added value of fish cultured.They cultured low-added fish(mainly freshwater fish)including blue carp,grass carp,silver carp,bighead carp crucian carp and bream,respectively.The added-value fishes are composed of cultured yellow catfish,trout,Chinese barbed sparrow,cockroach,black bream,heavy lipped fish,salmon,mackerel,eel,schizophrenia,bronze carp,barbed sparrow,schizophrenia,sturgeon and salmon.The cost-benefit and comprehensive efficiency of low and high value-added fish farmers were compared and analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The average annual growth rates of total cost,variable cost and fixed cost were 8.83%,7.86% and 10.83% respectively,and the average annual growth rates of total cost,variable cost,fixed cost and various annual growth rates of low-value-added fishermen in China were 1 837.09,1 737.50 and 108.59 yuan per mu,respectively,from 2013 to 2016;and those of high-value-added fishermen were 1 999.19 and 10.83% respectively.90.24,708.95 yuan per mu and 7.68%,7.57% and 9.09%.The average cost per mu of high-value-added fish farming is higher than that of low-value-added fish farming.Compared with low-value-added fish,the input characteristics of high-value-added fish farming are more stable as a whole,and high-value-added fish farming has the characteristics of high input and high risk.(2)In terms of economic benefits,the average annual growth rates of net profit,cost-profit margin,sales profit margin,marginal contribution rate and other indicators of low-value-added fish were 387.50 yuan per mu,21.45%,17.56%,21.87% and-2.65,-10.54%,-8.80% and-3.75% respectively in the period of 2013-2018,and the net profit,cost-profit margin,sales profit margin and marginal contribution rate of high-value-added fish in the period of six years were 387.50 yuan per mu,21.45%,17.56%,21.87% and-The average annual growth rates of contribution rate and each index are 2762.95 yuan per mu,25.63%,20.26%,25.47% and 9.42%,1.61%,1.29% and 1.22%,respectively.It is concluded that the economic benefits of high value-added fish farmers in China are better and their profitability is increasing year by year.(3)In terms of comprehensive efficiency,the average values of comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of low-value-added fish were 0.989,0.998 and 0.963 respectively in the period of 2013-2018,and all the efficiency values of high-value-added fish were DEA effective.The management efficiency,factor input efficiency and scale benefit of high-value-added fish breeders were better than those of low-value-added fish.At present,the reasons for the low economic benefit and comprehensive efficiency of freshwater fish farming in China,especially low value-added fish farming,are: high cost of feed and seedling,high cost of fuel and ice,and obvious increase of pond rent;unreasonable scale benefit of low value-added fish farming scale planning;continuous decline of economic benefit of low value-added fish farming;high value-added fish farming wind It's dangerous and so on.At last,some suggestions are put forward for reference.Firstly,it is necessary to strengthen scientific research investment and technical promotion of feed and fish diseases,stabilize feed market price,improve feed quality,ensure survival rate of seedlings,and ensure cost reduction and income increase of fishermen.Secondly,we should adjust the industrial structure and realize the transformation from "quantity" to "quality".By reforming the production mode of aquaculture,we should take scientific and technological innovation as the driving force,take energy saving,environmental protection,high yield and high quality as the goal,create a new aquaculture mode of green,low carbon and sustainable development,actively guide the freshwater fish industry to tilt to secondary and tertiary production,and prolong the freshwater fish aquaculture industry.At the same time,the chain essentially serves the purpose of reducing the quantity,increasing the quality and increasing the value.Finally,with the technical support of artificial intelligence as the core,change the current situation of traditional fishery experience breeding and manual operation,deeply integrate traditional fishery and intelligent technology,develop innovative technology platform integrating digitalization.Electronization,industrialization,mechanization and big data information,and realize the construction of aquaculture production automation,decision-making intelligence and management informatization.Intelligent fish farming industry system,using modern culture information technology to effectively reduce the risk of farmer farming.