Evaluation Of Economic And Environmental Benefits Of Different Culture Models Of Penaeus Vannamei In My Country

Penaeus vannamei is not only the finest species with the highest yield,but also one of the most important economic shrimps.As of 2017,there are 38 countries and regions that breed Penaeus vannamei.Among them,the main shrimp producers are China,Thailand,Indonesia,Vietnam,Ecuador and other countries.The farming production of Penaeus vannamei in my country ranks first in the world throughout the year.The farming of Penaeus vannamei in my country is mainly distributed in coastal provinces such as Guangdong,Guangxi,Fujian,Shandong,Hainan and Jiangsu.At present,there are mainly three breeding modes: factory,high-position pond and earthen pond.At the same time as the development of the vannamei breeding industry,it has also led to the development of related feed companies,seed companies,and processing companies.However,in recent years,the scale of white shrimp farming in Thailand,Vietnam,Indonesia and other countries has continued to grow,which has put a certain pressure on my country’s shrimp exports and has also affected the farming income of farmers.In addition,the quality of the breeding environment also determines the production and quality of the culture of Penaeus vannamei.Residual feed and prawn excrement in the cultured water body can easily cause eutrophication of the water body and cause environmental pollution.Therefore,there is an interaction between the culture of Penaeus vannamei and its environment.While the rapid development of the Penaeus vannamei aquaculture industry has brought huge economic benefits to fishermen,the impact of its aquaculture process on the water environment cannot be ignored.Based on field research,this article uses the material balance method to determine the environmental costs of Penaeus vannamei under different culture models,and compares the cost-benefit differences between traditional economics and environmental economics.The analysis results show that:(1)The nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)pollutants produced during the three breeding modes,from high to low,are: factory breeding mode>high pond breeding mode>earth pond breeding mode.(2)From the perspective of cost-benefit analysis of traditional economics,feed expenditure accounts for the largest proportion of total costs.The order of its cost-benefit ratio from high to low is: high-level pond culture mode>factory culture mode>pond culture mode.(3)From the perspective of cost-benefit analysis of environmental economics,after considering environmental costs,the cost-benefit ratios of the three breeding modes have all decreased,and their cost-benefit ratios are from high to low: high-level pond breeding mode>factory breeding mode>earth pond breeding mode.Among the three aquaculture models,the traditional economics and environmental economics of highlevel pond aquaculture have the highest cost-benefit ratio and the strongest profitability.Whether the economic efficiency and environmental efficiency are optimized is crucial to whether the economic and environmental benefits of the farming of Penaeus vannamei can be maximized.In order to further analyze its economic and environmental benefits,and then based on the foregoing cost-benefit and pollutant quantitative analysis results,the non-angle and non-radial SBM model is used to measure the economic efficiency of Penaeus vannamei,and the SBM model with undesired output is used.The environmental efficiency of the vannamei shrimp is measured and the analysis results show that:(1)Regardless of the breeding mode,the overall environmental efficiency is lower than its economic efficiency,and the environmental efficiency has great room for improvement.(2)An important factor that causes low economic and environmental efficiency is insufficient output.How to solve the problem of insufficient output of P.vannamei needs to be solved urgently.(3)Different farming modes have different input redundancy and pollutant output redundancy.Therefore,different technological improvement paths must be adopted to improve economic efficiency and environmental efficiency.However,the overinvestment of fixed assets in the three breeding modes is relatively serious.Finally,corresponding suggestions are put forward based on the above conclusions:(1)The high-position pond culture model has certain advantages from the perspective of cost benefit and efficiency,and the high-position pond culture model should be promoted in suitable areas.(2)While attaching importance to the improvement of the economic efficiency of the vannamei aquaculture industry,more attention should be paid to the improvement of environmental efficiency.The two types of efficiency improvements should complement each other and promote each other.Different pollution control measures should be adopted for different breeding modes.(3)Change the farming concepts of farmers,improve the corresponding pollutant discharge supervision mechanism,and introduce relevant reward and punishment measures.Relevant government departments should guide farmers to change their traditional farming concepts,pay attention to the green development of the vannamei aquaculture industry,and improve the corresponding The pollutant discharge supervision mechanism is established,a professional inspection agency is established to detect the sewage generated in the breeding process,and corresponding reward and punishment measures are formulated.(4)Establish and improve the scientific and technological support system for P.vannamei,including the development of fine seed and standard seed market;the development of suitable feeds,and the exploration of reasonable feeding methods;scientific planning and transformation of the breeding environment and breeding equipment.(5)Strengthen policy support and technical training for farmers.Local government departments and relevant financial institutions provide financing channels and low-interest loans for farmers who develop green aquaculture,and encourage insurance institutions to carry out aquaculture insurance.At the same time,the fishery sector should strengthen technical training for farmers.Improve the breeding technology of farmers.