Study On The Growth And Nutrient Utilization Of Mini-cucumber In Greenhouse By Formula Fertilization

Mini-cucumber are also called fruit cucumber.They are strong females,and are popular among consumers because of their high yield,good quality,crisp and tender taste,and melon flavor.At present,the economic benefits of growing mini-cucumber are significantly higher than ordinary cucumbers,so it is welcomed by the majority of producers.Among the many factors that affect the yield and quality of mini-cucumber grown in greenhouse substrates,fertilizer is the most effective and fastest-acting factor.A lot of practice has proved that single application of chemical fertilizers and single application of organic fertilizer have certain disadvantages for the production of facility vegetables.How to exert their respective advantages and overcome their deficiencies is a problem that the majority of scientific researchers have to consider.Cultivar of“Jinmei 3”mini-cucumber were used for greenhouse test,and the following five different fertilization method were set:T1 treatment was conventional Hoagland nutrient solution watering,T2 treatment was single application of organic fertilizer,T3 treatment was based on the phosphorus content of organic fertilizer as the benchmark,insufficient part supplemented with chemical fertilizer,T4 treatment was based on with organic fertilizer potassium content as the benchmark,insufficient part supplemented with chemical fertilizer and T5 treatment was using chemical fertilizer formula fertilization.The effects of yield,taste,quality,nutrient absorption,distribution and utilization were aimed at obtaining the best fertilization treatment,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization in production.The main results of the test were as follows:1. Analysis of growth index,yield and benefit indexFrom the perspective of plant growth index,the plant height and chlorophyll content of T2 treatment were significantly lower than those of other treatments,the stem thickness of T1 treatment was significantly lower than that of T3 and T4 treatment,and the leaf area of T5treatment was significantly lower than that of other treatments.There was no significant difference in plant node number,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO₂concentration and transpiration rate.The total plant dry weight was significantly higher in T3 and T4 treatments than in other treatments.From the point of view of plant yield and benefit index,there was no significant difference in the weight of single cucumbers per fertilization treatment.The number of melons per plant,the total yield per plant and the yield per unit area of the mini-cucumber treated by T2treatment were significant.At the same time,the output value and profit of mini-cucumber treated by T3,T4 and T5 were also significantly higher than those of T1 and T2.2. Sensory evaluation and quality trait analysisFrom the point of view of sensory evaluation,there was a significant difference in peel toughness between different fertilization treatments.The sweetness of T5 treatment was significantly lower than that of T2 treatment,and the astringency of T1 and T5 treatments was significantly higher than that of T2 treatment.There were no significant differences in other sensory indicators and total scores in each fertilization treatment.Judging from the fruit quality indicators,the vitamin C and protein contents of mini-cucumber fruits treated with T1 and T5 were significantly lower than those of other treatments,and there was no significant difference in soluble sugar,soluble solids and dry matter contents of mini-cucumber fruits under different fertilization treatments.From the correlation analysis of the sensory evaluation of mini cucumber fruits and nutritional quality,the sensory evaluation of mini-cucumber was mainly affected by soluble protein,dry matter,and fruit hardness.The content of vitamin C in mini-cucumber fruits was very significantly related to the content of soluble protein.3. Analysis of dry matter contentand nutrient element absorption and distribution law From the perspective of plant dry matter content,there was no significant difference in the dry weight of the root system of each plant under different fertilization treatments,and there was no significant difference in the dry weight of stems and fruits under different fertilization treatments.From the perspective of the distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption,different fertilization treatments had no significant effect on the nitrogen content of the roots of small cucumber plants.The nitrogen content in the stem,leaves and fruits of plants treated with T2 was significantly lower than that of T3,T4 and T5 treatments.The absorbed nitrogen mainly provides impetus for the growth of the leaves and then the formation of fruits.The phosphorus content in each part（root,stem,leaf and fruit）of the mini-cucumber plants treated with T3,T4 and T5 was significantly higher than that of the T1 treatment,and there was no significant difference between them.In the leaves,there was no significant difference in the potassium content in the stem and leaves of the plant between the fertilization treatments.The potassium absorbed by the plant was mainly distributed in the fruit,followed by the stem.4. Analysis of nutrient absorption per unit yield,total nutrient absorption per plant and nutrient utilization rateIn terms of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium absorption per unit yield of mini-cucumber fruits,the nitrogen absorption of T2treated fruits was significantly lower than that of other treatments,the T4 treatment of fruit absorption of phosphorus was significantly lower than other treatments,and the T2 treatment of fruit potassium Absorption was higher than T1,T3 and T4 treatment.Taking the T4 treatment with the highest yield of mini-cucumber as an example,the amount of nutrients the plant needs to absorb from the substrate for each 1,000 kg of mini cucumber fruits formed was:nitrogen 3.52 kg,phosphorus 0.57 kg Equivalent to P₂O₅1.31kg),potassium 3.37kg（equivalent to K₂O 4.06kg）.From the point of view of total nutrient absorption and nutrient use efficiency of mini cucumber plants and fruits,there was no significant difference in total nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrient absorption by T3,T4,and T5 treatments,among which the nutrient utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium by T3 and T4 treatments was significant Higher than other treatments.5. Analysis of changes in substrate p H and EC before and after plantingAfter planting two stubble mini-cucumber,the p H values of the substrates in each fertilization treatment showed a decreasing trend,and the EC values showed an increasing trend.The p H and EC values of T2,T3,and T4 treatments changed less than those of T1 and T5 treatments.