The Effect Of Fulvic Acid On Nutrients,Quality And Yield Of Grapes

’Zheng Yan Seedless’ is a new grape breed with early-maturing,large-grain and seedless,which owns good development prospects,but poor its coloring;’Sunshine Muscat’ is an increasingly rapid grape breed in recent years,but has problems with unstable quality and faint fragrance.Reasonable fertilization is an important measure to improve grape quality.It is shown that combined application of a certain amount of humic acid can not only improve the effect of fertilizer to activate and improve the soil,but also stimulate crop growth,improve crop yield and quality.The humic acid have great potential in farmland ecosystems.However,the application of fulvic acid fertilizer in ’Zheng Yan Seedless’ and ’Sunshine Rose’grape is rarely reported.Therefore,‘Zheng Yan Seedless’ grapes and ’Sunshine Muscat’grapes were used as test materials.Different amount of fulvic acid(T0: 0 gram per plant;T1:2.5 gram per plant;T2: 5 gram per plant;T3: 11 gram per plant)was used during the flowering stage,young fruit stage,coloring stage and fruit expansion stage in grape growth to Measure the soil nutrients,the leaf nutrients,photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality and other related indicators of ’Zheng Yan Seedless’ and ’Sunshine Muscat’grape.Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively analyse multiple indicators in order to explore the optimal application amount of fulvic acid at ’Zheng Yan Seedless’ and ’Sunshine Muscat’grape,which can provide a theoretical basis at ’Zheng Yan Seedless’ and ’Sunshine Muscat’grapes promotion.The result show that(1)The content of nitrate nitrogen increased by fulvic acid in vineyard soil,the content of Calcium and Magnesium was decreased at the same time.In treatment T4,the content of nitrate nitrogen was the largest both‘Zheng Yan Seedless’ grapes and ‘Sunshine Muscat’ grapes,which was higher significantly than treatment contrast.In treatment T5,the content of ammonia nitrogen reached its maximum,which was higher significantly than the treatment contrast.Meanwhile,the content of alcium and Magnesium reached its minimum,which was significantly lower than the treatment contrast.In treatment T4,the content of available phosphorus and available potassium were the highest in soil at‘Zheng Yan Seedless’ grapes,which was higher significantly than the treatment contrast;In treatment T3,the content of available phosphorus and available potassium were the highest in soil at‘Sunshine Muscat’ grapes,which was higher significantly than treatment contrast.(2)It was shown that the the total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium could increased significantly by fulvic acid.The two kinds of grapes leaves when the amount of the fertilizer ranged from 10 gram per plant to 100 gram per plant.However,the Nitrogen and Phosphorus was decreased when the fulvic acid was overused(in treatment T5).In treatment T4,the content of total phosphorus and total nitrogen were the highest of grape leaves,which washigher significantly than treatment contrast.In addition,the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)of grape leaves and enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves was improve by fulvic acid.For example,in treatment T4,the photosynthetic rate of the two grapes was the strongest,and the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)was the highest,which were significantly higher than the treatment contrast.(3)The yield of two kinds of grapes wasincrease significantly when the amount of the fertilizer ranged from 10 gram per plant to100 gram per plant by fulvic acid fertilizer;However,the yield decreased when the fulvic acid fertilizer was overused(in treatment T5).For example,in treatment T3 and T4,the yield of‘Sunshine Muscat’grapes reached 2003.3kg and 2113.3 kilogram per mu,respectively,which was significantly higher than treatment contrast.The yield per mu was the highest for ‘Zheng Yan Seedless’ grapes in treatment T4 and its yield per mu reached 1520.7 kilogram per mu,which were higher significantly than the treatment contrast.(4)The fruit quality of grapes was improved significantly by fulvic acid fertilizer.The content of titratable acid had its minimum for two kinds of grapes in treatment T3,which was lower significantly than the treatment contrast.The content among solid acid,soluble solids and vitamin C of the grape fruit for‘Zheng Yan Seedless’ grape were the largest,which was higher significantly than treatment contrast.The content between solid acid and vitamin C of the grape fruit for‘Sunshine Muscat’grape were the largest,which was significantly higher than treatment contrast.The aroma components of the ’Sunshine Musca’ grape are mainly affected by eneal terpenoids,such as linalool,nerol,citronellol,geraniol,myrcene,limonene,octanal,etc.Terpenes detected by T3 and T4.There are the most types of aroma substances,and the content of each aroma substance is higher than other treatments.To sum up,the content of nitrate nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in vineyard soi was increase by fulvic acid.the absorption of mineral nutrients was promoted of grape roots,the content of N,P,and K was increase of leaves,the chlorophyll biosynthesis was promoted,the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves was improved,more assimilation compounds was synthesized and output,And the quality and yield of grape was improved.Among six treatments,the optimum content of fulvic acid fertilizer on grapes is 33 gram per plant by principal component analysis.