Studies On Increasing Ginsenoside Contents In Ginseng Roots And Leaves By Fungus M1 And Chemical Constituents Involved In Their Biotransformation

Ginsenosides are the chemical components of Panax ginseng,which have various pharmacological effects and high medicinal value,especially to rare ginsenosides.However,the demands of pharmaceutical industry can not be met because of the long cultivation cycle and high cost,at the same time,the price of Panax ginseng showed rising trend these years.Ginseng leaf is cheap and easy to get,and it has been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as the main raw material to extract ginsenosides.There fore,improving the ginsenosides yield of ginseng roots and leaf,and research of rare ginseng saponin preparation has important significance.M1,a fungus of bio-transformation function,has been separated in this lab.In this study,Panax ginseng was fermented with fungus M1 using the method of solid state fermentation with the result of that the content of total ginsenosides in the fermentation product were improved significantly,and the growth rate is 52.44%In order to study the possible precursors in ginseng by M1 through biotransformation,firstly,the M1 fermentation experiment showed that fungus M1 cultured alone process does not produce saponins,ruled out the possibility of fungus M1 self-generated ginsenosides.The result identified the precursor research objectives in ginseng itself on biotransformation.Secondly,The ginseng extraction were extract by four different polar parts of that petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water,and fermentation experiments were carried out of four extractions by fungus M1.The measurement results showed that the extract of n-butanol has a highest total saponin content,ant the growth rate is 33.92%.The saponin content in water extract is less,petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract almost no saponins.It proved that the precursors which improved the saponins on biotransformation by fungus M1 is mainly present in n-butanol extract.Then analysis the different days fermentation products of n-butanol extract with the method of HPLC to examine dynamic changes of monomer ginsenosides in the fermentation process.Fungus M1 was used to carry on the solid fermentation and liquid fermentation experiments to ginseng leaves based on the previous studies on Panax ginseng.Determination of total saponins showed that the growth of liquid fermentation growth is 17.97%,while the growth rate of solid fermentation growth is 54.09%.The total saponins of solid state fermentation is higher than liquid fermentation,it indicate that there had more precursors present in ginseng leaves than its extract.The HPLC method was used to analyze the fermentation products in both liquid fermentation and solid state fermentation of ginseng,to observe the changing trends of monomer saponin in ginseng during the fermentation processThe results of HPLC analysis of the fermentation products that n-butanol extract in ginseng,solid state fermentation and liquid fermentation in ginseng leaves showed that the dynamic changed of 8 kinds of monomer saponins.Wherein,Rb1,Rc and F2 content decreased,Rb1 disappeared finally.In the fermentation process of n-butanol extract liquid fermentation in ginseng roots and solid fermentation of ginseng leaves,Rd content increased,while Rd declined first and then ascended in liquid fermentation of ginseng leaves.Through the fermentation process by fungus M1 in ginseng roots and leaves all can generate a rare saponin C-K,and has a higher levels.The results showed that it has industrial production development prospects of that fermentation technology to ginseng roots and leaves by fungus M1In addition,there were unknown composition changes during the fermentation process.In the experiments of n-butanol liquid fermentation in ginseng roots,there were 8 kinds of unknown ingredients,6 kinds of new generation components,1 declined first and then ascended,1 exists in ginseng and finally disappeared and probably the precursors that increasing the saponin contents through biotransformation.In the experiments of liquid fermentation in ginseng leaves,there were 6 kinds of unknown ingredients in tota,wherein,2 were new generation components,2 declined first and then ascended,1 exists in ginseng leaves and finally disappeared and probably the precursors that increasing the saponin contents through liquid fermentation.In the experiments of solid state fermentation in ginseng leaves,there were 9 kinds of unknown composition,wherein,4 components peak area increased,5 components peak area decreased,4 components finally disappeared,and probably the precursors that increasing the saponin contents through solid fermentation.Before and after the fermentation of ginseng roots and leaves by fungus M1,the contents of total ginsenosides increased significantly with the method of vanillin-glacial acetic acid.It indicated that the non-saponins biotransformation to saponins during the fermentation process,presumed that precursors that increasing the saponin contents in ginseng roots and leaves may also include non-saponins.