| Magnolia officinalis is a traditional Chinese medicine,which is a genu Magnolia family.It was first published in Shennong herbal classic,and it has been recorded in other medicinal herbs.The roots,stems,and branches of M.officinalis have been used as a folk medicine in the treatment of depression,cough,asthma,liver disease,and diarrhea for more 2000 years.M.officinalis is a deciduous tree with a long growth cycle.It usually grows for more than 15 years before it can be peeled for medicinal purposes.There will be a large amount of M.officinalis leaves and M.officinalis seeds after the M.officinalis trees are peeled.the M.officinalis trees that has not been harvested also produce a large mountain of M.officinalis leaves and M.officinalis seeds.However,M.officinalis leaves and M.officinalis seeds are not used as medicine,these abundant resources have not been utilized at present,resulting in great waste of resources of the leaves and seeds of M.officinalis.It is significant to analyze the nutrient compositions,chemical compounds of M.officinalis and the anti-oxidation,anti-bacterial and anti-diarrhea effects of M.officinalis leaves that were harvested in different months for that the leaves' powder or extract of leaves are used as feed additive,food additive,natural antioxidant and botanical fungicide,etc.Whilst it also lay a foundation for further research of seeds of M.officinalis.we analyzed the chemical compositions and biological activity of seeds' oil of M.officinalis,which lays a foundation for further research and development of seeds of M.officinalis.1.Collecting the leaves of 4 to 9 months,drying and pulverizing.The content of water,crude fiber,crude fat,vitamin C,protein,amino acid,mineral elements were detected by a series of determination methods.Results showed that the content of water,crude fiber,crude fat,vitamin C,protein was 41.63%~82.51%,20.52%~24.10%,3.87%~5.94%,22.84~91.01 ?g/g,0.19% ~ 6.4%,respectively.And reducing sugar content ranged from 7.54% to 13.99%,soluble sugar was 2.21% to 6.19%.It was found that leaves contains mineral elements such as Ca,Mg,Fe,Cu,Mn and Zn,and 17 amino acids were detected.All nutrient indicators have significant differences between months.Compared with other months,the nutrition of leaves of M.officinalis growing in September was better.Therefore,the leaves harvested in September can be processed and used as a feed additive.2.The methods of measuring total flavonoids,magnolol and honokiol in M.officinalis leaves collected in different months were the national standard method.The results showed that the content of total flavonoids is 0.83%~1.78%,the content of magnolol and honokiol are 0.25 mg/g~0.54 mg/g,0.25 mg/g~0.67 mg/g,respectively.The contents of total flavonoids and phenolic in M.officinalis leaves were lower than those in M.officinalis bark,but the resources of leaves are abundant,with an annual storage capacity of 760,000 tons,which is 5 times that of Magnolia Bark.So leaves can be used as a raw material for natural antioxidants to extract total flavonoids and phenolic which can be use in the food industry.In addition,magnolol and honokiol are good bacteriostatic agents,and have a certain antiseptic effect as a food additive.3.According to the polarity of solvent,the powders of leaves in September were refluxed successively with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,acetone,ethanol,methanol and water.The ratio of material to liquid was 1:10(g/mL).The extraction time was 2 h.The extracts were filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to extract.7 kinds of extracts were prepared to a certain concentration.The scavenging ability of the 7 extracts to DPPH and ABTS free radicals and the reducing ability to FRAP were determined.The results showed that all extracts had certain antioxidant capacity,and there were some differences between different extracts.Among the three antioxidant capacity indicators,nbutanol extract and ethanol extract have better antioxidant capacity than the other five extracts.Therefore,the n-butanol extract and the ethanol extract contain more antioxidant substances than the other five extracts.So the leaves of M.officinalis as a natural antioxidant can be extracted by using n-butanol and ethanol solvents.4.The active ingredients in the leaves of M.officinalis were extracted by shaking with ethyl acetate,70% ethanol,absolute ethanol and acetone,respectively,to obtain extract and prepare samples of 1 g(leaf powder)/ mL.The bacteriostatic activity of different solvent extracts was determined by the two-fold dilution method.The results showed that the extracts of leaves had different inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Their antibacterial activities were related to phenolic compounds and antibacterial substances such as fatty acids.The extracts of leaves of M.officinalis have antibacterial activity,which provides a theoretical basis and gist for its application as a feed additive.It also lays a foundation for the application and development of leaves of M.officinalis in other aspects.5.Preparation of aqueous extract and 95% ethanol extract of leaves of M.officinalis.Mouse were randomly divided into normal group,negative control group,low,medium and high doses of aqueous extract groups,and low,medium,high doses of 95% ethanol extract groups,positive control group.diarrhea model was established by castor oil,and all of 9 groups were treated with intragastrical infusion with different samples and observed the diarrhea within 6 hours.Results showed the aqueous extracts and 95% ethanol extracts had obvious antagonistic effects on diarrhea caused by castor oil.The degree of diarrhea of low,high doses of aqueous extract and low,medium,high doses of 95% ethanol extract were significantly different from that of the model group.And the diarrhea index of low,medium,high doses of 95% ethanol extract and the low,high doses of aqueous extract were significantly lower than the model group,so the extracts had a certain therapeutic effect on the mice with castor oil-induced diarrhea and relieved symptoms of diarrhea.Moreover,the therapeutic effect of the 95% ethanol extract is better than that of the aqueous extract,and the low dose group is better than the medium and high dose groups.6.Separate and determine the seed oil of M.officinalis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,23 chemical components were detected,of which the main components in seed oil are dehydroequenone(28.64%)and octadecylic acid(28.59%).),3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-p-tolyl-benzopyran-4-one(17.51%),9-octadecenoic acid-1,2,3-propane triacetate(6.64 %),palmitic acid(4.51%),2-[(4-tert-butyl-benzyl)-amino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile(2.81%),1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(2.41%),hexadecanoic acid-2-hydroxyl-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester(1.01%),dehydroequene estrone methyl ether(1.36%),Z,E-2-methyl-3,13-octadecadienol(2.34%))and vitamin E(1.16%).Seed oil contains many chemical components,which provides a reference for the development and utilization of seeds of M.officinalis.7.The abilities of M.officinalis seed oil to scavenge DPPH free radicals and ABTS free radicals were determined.M.officinalis seed oil has certain bacteriostatic ability to Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and its bacteriostatic ability to Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is better than that to Staphylococcus aureus.The antioxidant and bacteriostatic abilities of M.officinalis seed oil may be related to the fatty acid composition of seed oil.The study on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of seed oil lay a foundation for further research on M.officinalis seeds. |
PDF Full Text Request