Ideology And Missionaries’ Translation On Civilization And Education In Late Qing Dynasty

The traditional translation studies mainly focused on the relationship between the source texts and target texts,ignoring the manipulation of cultural on translation.Since the 1970s,the scholars began to pay attention to the external factors which influence the translation process.What’s more,Andre Lefevere put forward the Rewriting theory which held that translation is the rewriting of the source texts on cultural level,and that ideology is one of the important constraints.A large number of scholars at home and abroad began to study the interaction between ideology and translation.As the third climax in Chinese translation history,the translation in late Qing Dynasty attracted the attention of the scholars.However,few of them set foot in the translation of the topic"civilization and education".Missionaries were crucial in the process of introducing western learning into China.They also functioned as the promoters of the educational reform in late Qing Dynasty.However,domestic scholars paid more attention to their educational activities,but not the translation on civilization and education.This thesis mainly studies the mutual relationship between ideology and the missionaries,translation on civilization and education in Da Ying Guo Zhi,Zuo Zhi Chu Yan,Lie Guo Sui Ji Zheng Yao,and Wen Xue Xing Guo Ce.The main research objectives are:Firstly,discuss the translation of terms related to civilization and education like "civilization" "education",school types and disciplines.Secondly,discuss the translation methods and strategies in light of ideology in Rewriting theory.Thirdly,analyze the influences of translation on the ideology in late Qing Dynasty.This thesis is mainly arranged in seven chapters.Chapter one is introduction,mainly introducing the research background of the translation on civilization and education,the research objectives and thesis structure.Chapter two is literature review,discussing the former studies concerning ideology and translation,the educational activities of the missionaries,and the four translated books to be analyzed in this thesis.Chapter three is theoretical background,mainly introducing the Rewriting theory of Andre Lefevere,the notion of ideology and its application to translation.What’s more,the dominant ideology of late Qing Dynasty will be discussed in this chapter too.Chapter four is a discussion of the impacts of dominant ideology at the word level.Chapter five is the impacts of ideology on translation above the word level.In this chapter,the dominant political and cultural ideology ’s manipulation of translation motives,source text selection,translation methods and strategies will be analyzed.Chapter 6 is the reactive influences of translation on ideology in late Qing Dynasty.Chapter 7 is the conclusion.There are mainly four conclusions in this thesis:Firstly,the missionaries’translation on civilization and education was deeply manipulated by the dominant ideology of China in late Qing Dynasty.Secondly,rewriting was widely used in the translation process.Thirdly,no matter in the translation of terms or sentences,the missionaries followed the strategy of domestication.Finally,the missionaries’translation on civilization and education had a reactive influence on the ideology in late Qing Dynasty,introducing the concepts of professional education and compulsory education into China.In addition,the translation also promoted the revival of the educational equality and the reform of education in late Qing Dynasty.