Study On The Subjectivity Thought In The Aesthetic Of The Ming And Qing Dynasties

People are the subject of music,and it reflects people's innermost being and emotional life.According to the study made by Cai Zhongde,since Dong Zhongshu proposed the idea of “ousting the hundred schools,only focusing on Confucianism” in the Han Dynasty,the ruling class used etiquette and music to erase the human nature in music.The Preface to Mao Poetry specifies that music “people's emotions are generated between men and women,but they are bound by etiquette." It also limits the expression of music to human nature within the scope of “etiquette”.Objectively,it makes folk songs that express human nature as the main subject being rejected.Since the middle period of the Ming Dynasty,after Li Zhi proposed the proposition of “people's emotions are generated between men and women,and we should let it happen naturally”,the literati in the Ming and Qing Dynasties began to question the orthodox ideology and pursue individual freedom,and the idea of “emotionalism”was formed gradually.The core value of the “emotionalism” lies in the recognition of human subjectivity,that is,the recognition of human beings as the subject,and the cognition of human's “nature” and “emotion”.This kind of thinking is implicit in the aesthetics of the Ming and Qing scholars on folk songs.This paper refers to regard this kind of thought as the “subjective thought of the Ming and Qing dynasty folk songs”,and initiates in-depth study and research on this issue.This paper is divided into three parts.The first part is introduction,which mainly introduce the reasons for choosing the topic of this article,the definition of relevant propositions,research status,research methods,and so on.The second part is main body,which includes three chapters: chapter one analyzes the causes of the subjective thoughts in the aesthetics of Ming and Qing folk songs.The author analyzes it from two aspects.On the one hand,it analyzes the social environment reason that helps the form of subject thought from the politics,economy,and thought.On the other hand,it analyzes the development of Ming-Qing folk songs and its relationship with literati.Chapter two mainly give introduction of the subjective thought in the aesthetics of folk songs of Ming and Qing Dynasties represented by Feng Menglong and Zhang Qi and so on.Through the analysis of folk song collections and related literary theories,it summarizes their subjective thoughts.Chapter three elucidates the relationship between aesthetics and subjectivity of Ming and Qing folk songs.First of all,it discusses the subjective thoughts in the aesthetic characteristics of the Ming and Qing dynasty folk songs,through the sentiment-oriented aesthetic thoughts expressed by the literati in the Ming and Qing dynasties,the emphasis on secular culture,and the pursuit of “natural happiness”,it explores the humanistic enlightenment of the literati during this era,and the overall characteristics of Ming and Qing folk song music culture.The third part is conclusion,which is mainly based on previous studies and summarizes the manifestation and value of the subjective thought in the Ming and Qing folk songs.This paper takes the representative folk songs collection and literary theory of the Ming and Qing Dynasties as the research object,by witnessing the overall thought of subjectivity contained in these songs it explores the humanistic characteristics in the aesthetic thoughts of folk songs of the literati class during the Ming and Qing dynasties.What's more,it also analyzes the relationship between subjective thought and “emotionalism” and “enlightenment” thought of human nature.And it states the musical aesthetic value brought about by the social characteristics of subjectivity thoughts under the traditional music system,...