A Study On The Decorative Patterns Art Of Tujia In Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture

Tujia ethnic minority,an ancient ethnic group with a long history,has been living in the transition zone of four provinces,including Hunan,Hubei,Chongqing and Guizhou in China for thousands of years.With their ingenuity and intelligence,the industrious Tujia people in western Hunan broken a way through bramble and thistle and propagated their descendants on this land,creating the glorious history and culture of the nation,and leaving many outstanding works and technical skills for their posterity.There are several kinds of speculation about the origin of the Tujia ethnic minority.Since the founding of new China,the pioneer to study the origin of Tujia ethnic minority was Pan Guangdan in 1960s,who put forward the view that Tujia people are descendants of ancient Ba people,which is also the most recognized view of experts and scholars in China at present.Tujia people created many decorative arts through observing the daily life and nature and examining their cultural consciousness from simple to complex,from rough to precise and from imitation to innovation,forming a unique pattern art belong to the nation gradually.Taking Tujia decorative pattern in western Hunan as the research object,the paper summarizes the artistic characteristics of Tujia decorative patterns on the basis of the research on the types,colors,decorative techniques and forms of decorative patterns on the carrier of Tujia architecture,interior and clothing decoration.First,the paper analyzes three aspects of natural geographical environment,religious belief and historical and cultural background of Tujia ethnic minority,collecting relevant materials and documents widely.Through the arrangement of Related information including the change and aesthetic orientation of the development history,lifestyle,religious culture of Tujia ethnic minority,the paper summarizes the factors that affect the development and evolution of the Tujia decorative patterns,using the method of literature analysis and inductive analysis.Secondly,on the basis of collecting literature,the author visits Miao Autonomous Prefecture of western Hunan Tujia ethnic minority to conduct field survey.Combined g with various carriers of Tujia ethnic decoration patterns that the Tujia people have retained and spread in the Tujia residential area today,the paper divides the carrier of the Tujia decoration pattern into four categories through the inductive analysis and field survey:brocade clothing,architecture,interior decoration,and other category,and makes in-depth research from the aspects of pattern theme,color composition,decoration techniques,form and technology for each kind of carrier.Finally,the paper summarizes the Tujia artistic characteristics of the decorative patterns from the three aspects of theme,color and form,combining to the development and evolution factors of Tujia decorative patterns and the characteristics of decorative patterns that are reflected in the form of each carrier:the theme of decorative patterns is divided into three aspects:animal pattern,plant pattern and geometric pattern;As for color,it belongs to the category of decorative color.In color,Tujia people have a prominent feature,that is they advocate black and red,but avoid white because each color of them contains deep meaning and expresses different feelings.Most of the color styles are simple,and collocation is also focused on the contrast and harmony of colors;The organizational forms of patterns are divided into individual patterns,suitable patterns,continuous patterns for the second side,and metrical architecture form patterns with harmony,stability and strict composition.According to the characteristics of Tujia decorative patterns inducted and summarized before,the paper carries on the design practice.In the form of direct use and recombination,the design is applied to dress design,jewelry design and furnishings design so as to achieve the development and inheritance of Tujia ethnic minority culture.