The Characteristic Of Anxiety And Uncertainty Tolerance Of Male Criminals And Its Influence On The Risk Decision-making

Criminal behavior is a kind of risk decision-making,with the characteristics of high risk and high return.Studies of domestic and foreign show that trait anxiety is a personality trait affecting individual risk decision-making.Anxiety has an important impact on individual decision-making.And in a sense,the criminal behaviors implied the wrong decision-making when the crimes violated the law and ethics of a kind of greed,aggressive or impulsive behavior in the risk decision conditions.The anxiety of people has great effects on the risk decision-making,it appears tension,fears,negative emotional states in front of possible threat.Anxiety always are divided into state anxiety and trait anxiety.State anxiety refers to the subjective feeling of temporary,relative to the state anxiety and trait anxiety is relatively permanent,is a stable personality trait(Bekker,2003).Moderate anxiety can help individuals improve cognitive and problem solving ability,but excessive anxiety will cause mental disorder.And intolerance for uncertainty(IU)is one of the characteristics of personality or a kind of response of perception,interpretation and cognitive biases when the individual facing a situation of uncertainty,it affects the individual cognition,emotion and behavioral response(Dugas,2004),not only the individual's psychosomatic health,also the individual decision making and problem solving in daily life.Therefore,the study on the characteristics of criminals' decision-making can help to improve the theoretical level of rehabilitating criminals and improve the rehabilitation effectiveness of prison on criminals.Study 1: 893 male criminals were investigated the criminals characteristics of anxiety and uncertainty tolerance,mainly through the “Characteristic--State Anxiety Scale” and “IUS-12”t,in order to understand their characteristics and state anxiety and uncertainty characteristics of unbearable degree.In the positive and negative state,winning or losing the framework of information paradigm,the criminal decision-making was measured in order to understandStudy 2: Two experiments were conducted to study the influence of anxiety and uncertainty tolerance on the risk decision-making.In experiment 1,through “Characteristic--State Anxiety Scale”,criminals were divided into higher and lower trait anxiety groups and they had both completed Iowa gambling task and balloon simulation risk task,then were investigated the decision-making characteristics of criminals in higher and lower trait anxiety groups.In experiment two,the criminals were divided into high and low uncertainty tolerance group by "simple version of intolerable uncertainty scale",and had completed Iowa gambling task and balloon simulation risk task,then were investigated the decision-making characteristics of criminals in higher and lower uncertainty tolerance groups.Study 3: anxiety of criminals were induced through the "Tangshan earthquake 2010" segment,the control group had not been induced anxiety.Both groups had completed Iowa gambling task and balloon simulation risk task to study the impact of anxiety on criminals' risk decisions.The results showed that:(1)The anxiety,intolerance for uncertainty were compared between crime tired repeat offenders with the first offence,there is no difference.there exists significant differences in the intolerance for uncertainty among different cultural degree of criminals,on the state anxiety level.There were significant differences in state anxiety among different types of criminals.Profit information,the differences between high and low trait anxiety group risk propensity,high trait anxiety group of criminals seeking risk,low trait anxiety criminals risk-averse.(2)There wasn't a difference of criminals in risk decision between high and low trait anxiety groups and uncertainty tolerance groups.(3)Under the condition of induceing anxiety,there were significantly different in the adjustment scores of the induced group criminals and the control group in the balloon simulation task and there was not significant in the interaction with positive and negative feedback;There wasn't a difference between two groups in the number of unexploded balloons.In Iowa gambling task,there wasn't a difference in the choice of playing cards.Conclusion:(1)Under the earnings information,group of criminals with higher trait anxiety seek risk,and those with lower trait anxiety criminals choose risk-averse.(2)There was no effect on trait anxiety and uncertainty tolerance in the decision-making of criminals.(3)Under the successful induce of anxiety,criminals were more likely to commit to be risk crime.